@jrc03c/js-math-tools/dist/js-math-tools.js

some math tools for JS

(() => {
  var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
  var __export = (target, all) => {
    for (var name in all)
      __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
  };

  // src/index.mjs
  var index_exports = {};
  __export(index_exports, {
    DataFrame: () => DataFrame,
    IndexMatcher: () => IndexMatcher,
    MathError: () => MathError,
    Series: () => Series,
    abs: () => vabs,
    add: () => vadd,
    apply: () => vapply,
    arccos: () => varccos,
    arcsin: () => varcsin,
    arctan: () => varctan,
    argmax: () => argmax,
    argmin: () => argmin,
    assert: () => assert,
    cast: () => cast,
    ceil: () => vceil,
    chop: () => vchop,
    clamp: () => vclamp,
    combinations: () => combinations,
    combinationsIterator: () => combinationsIterator,
    copy: () => copy,
    correl: () => correl,
    cos: () => vcos,
    count: () => count,
    covariance: () => covariance,
    dataTypes: () => dataTypes,
    decycle: () => decycle,
    diff: () => diff,
    distance: () => distance,
    divide: () => divide,
    dot: () => dot,
    dropMissing: () => dropMissing,
    dropMissingPairwise: () => dropMissingPairwise,
    dropNaN: () => dropNaN,
    dropNaNPairwise: () => dropNaNPairwise,
    dropUndefined: () => dropUndefined,
    every: () => every,
    exp: () => vexp,
    factorial: () => vfactorial,
    filter: () => filter,
    find: () => find,
    findAll: () => findAll,
    flatten: () => flatten,
    float: () => vfloat,
    floor: () => vfloor,
    forEach: () => forEach,
    identity: () => identity,
    indexOf: () => indexOf,
    inferType: () => inferType,
    int: () => vint,
    intersect: () => intersect,
    inverse: () => inverse,
    isArray: () => isArray,
    isBoolean: () => isBoolean,
    isBrowser: () => isBrowser,
    isDataFrame: () => isDataFrame,
    isDate: () => isDate,
    isEqual: () => isEqual,
    isFunction: () => isFunction,
    isJagged: () => isJagged,
    isNested: () => isNested,
    isNumber: () => isNumber,
    isObject: () => isObject,
    isSeries: () => isSeries,
    isString: () => isString,
    isUndefined: () => isUndefined,
    lerp: () => vlerp,
    log: () => vlog,
    map: () => map,
    max: () => max,
    mean: () => mean,
    median: () => median,
    merge: () => merge,
    min: () => min,
    mod: () => vmod,
    mode: () => mode,
    multiply: () => vmultiply,
    ndarray: () => ndarray,
    normal: () => normal,
    ones: () => ones,
    permutations: () => permutations,
    permutationsIterator: () => permutationsIterator,
    pow: () => vpow,
    print: () => print,
    product: () => product,
    random: () => random,
    range: () => range,
    reduce: () => reduce,
    remap: () => remap,
    reshape: () => reshape,
    reverse: () => reverse,
    round: () => vround,
    scale: () => scale,
    seed: () => seed,
    set: () => set,
    shape: () => shape,
    shuffle: () => shuffle,
    sign: () => vsign,
    sin: () => vsin,
    some: () => some,
    sort: () => sort,
    sqrt: () => vsqrt,
    stats: () => stats,
    std: () => std,
    stdev: () => stdev,
    subtract: () => subtract,
    sum: () => sum,
    tan: () => vtan,
    time: () => timeSync,
    timeAsync: () => timeAsync,
    timeSync: () => timeSync,
    transpose: () => transpose,
    union: () => union,
    variance: () => variance,
    vectorize: () => vectorize,
    zeros: () => zeros,
    zip: () => zip
  });

  // src/is-number.mjs
  function isNumber(x) {
    return typeof x === "number" && !isNaN(x) || typeof x === "bigint";
  }

  // src/is-browser.mjs
  var isBrowser = new Function(
    `
    try {
      return this === window
    } catch(e) {}

    try {
      return !!importScripts
    } catch(e){}

    return false
  `
  );

  // src/math-error.mjs
  var MathError = class extends Error {
    constructor(message) {
      if (isBrowser()) {
        super(message);
      } else {
        super("\n\n\x1B[31m" + message + "\n\x1B[0m");
      }
    }
  };

  // src/assert.mjs
  function assert(isTrue, message) {
    if (!isTrue) throw new MathError(message);
  }

  // src/for-each.mjs
  function forEach(x, fn) {
    for (let i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      fn(x[i], i, x);
    }
  }

  // src/helpers/array-types.mjs
  var arrayTypes = [
    Array,
    ArrayBuffer,
    BigInt64Array,
    BigUint64Array,
    Float32Array,
    Float64Array,
    Int16Array,
    Int32Array,
    Int8Array,
    Uint16Array,
    Uint32Array,
    Uint8Array,
    Uint8ClampedArray
  ];

  // src/is-undefined.mjs
  function isUndefined(x) {
    return x === null || typeof x === "undefined";
  }

  // src/map.mjs
  function map(x, fn) {
    const out = new Array(x.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      out[i] = fn(x[i], i, x);
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/is-array.mjs
  var typeStrings = map(arrayTypes, (s2) => s2.name);
  function isArray(obj) {
    try {
      if (obj instanceof Array) {
        return true;
      }
      if (!isUndefined(obj.constructor)) {
        return arrayTypes.indexOf(obj.constructor) > -1 || typeStrings.indexOf(obj.constructor.name) > -1;
      }
      return false;
    } catch (e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // src/is-dataframe.mjs
  function isDataFrame(x) {
    try {
      return !!x._symbol && x._symbol === Symbol.for("@jrc03c/js-math-tools/dataframe");
    } catch (e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // src/is-function.mjs
  function isFunction(fn) {
    return typeof fn === "function";
  }

  // src/is-object.mjs
  function isObject(x) {
    return typeof x === "object" && !isUndefined(x) && !isArray(x);
  }

  // src/is-series.mjs
  function isSeries(x) {
    try {
      return !!x._symbol && x._symbol === Symbol.for("@jrc03c/js-math-tools/series");
    } catch (e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // src/index-of.mjs
  function indexOf(x, fn) {
    if (isDataFrame(x)) {
      const index = indexOf(x.values, fn);
      if (index.length > 0 && isNumber(index[0]) && index[0] >= 0 && index[0] < x.index.length) {
        index[0] = x.index[index[0]];
      }
      if (index.length > 1 && isNumber(index[1]) && index[1] >= 0 && index[1] < x.columns.length) {
        index[1] = x.columns[index[1]];
      }
      return index;
    }
    if (isSeries(x)) {
      const index = indexOf(x.values, fn);
      if (index.length > 0 && isNumber(index[0]) && index[0] >= 0 && index[0] < x.index.length) {
        index[0] = x.index[index[0]];
      }
      return index;
    }
    assert(
      isObject(x) || isArray(x),
      "You must pass (1) an object, array, Series, or DataFrame and (2) a function or value into the `indexOf` function!"
    );
    if (!isFunction(fn)) {
      const value = fn;
      fn = (v) => v === value;
    }
    function helper5(x2, fn2, checked) {
      checked = checked || [];
      if (checked.indexOf(x2) > -1) {
        return null;
      }
      if (isObject(x2)) {
        checked.push(x2);
        const keys = Object.keys(x2).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(x2));
        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
          const key = keys[i];
          const value = x2[key];
          if (fn2(value)) {
            return [key];
          }
          const results = helper5(value, fn2, checked);
          if (results && results.length > 0) {
            return [key].concat(results);
          }
        }
      } else if (isArray(x2)) {
        checked.push(x2);
        for (let i = 0; i < x2.length; i++) {
          const value = x2[i];
          if (fn2(value)) {
            return [i];
          }
          const results = helper5(value, fn2, checked);
          if (results && results.length > 0) {
            return [i].concat(results);
          }
        }
      } else {
        if (fn2(x2)) {
          return [];
        }
      }
      return null;
    }
    function safeFn(v) {
      try {
        return fn(v);
      } catch (e) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    const paths = helper5(x, safeFn);
    if (paths && paths.length > 0) {
      return paths;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  // src/copy.mjs
  function copy(x) {
    function helper5(x2) {
      if (typeof x2 === "object") {
        if (x2 === null) {
          return null;
        }
        if (isArray(x2)) {
          if (!(x2 instanceof Array)) {
            return x2.slice();
          }
          return map(x2, (v) => copy(v));
        }
        if (isSeries(x2)) {
          const out2 = x2.copy();
          out2.values = copy(out2.values);
          return out2;
        }
        if (isDataFrame(x2)) {
          const out2 = x2.copy();
          out2.values = copy(x2.values);
          return out2;
        }
        if (x2 instanceof Date) {
          return new Date(x2.getTime());
        }
        x2 = decycle(x2);
        const out = {};
        forEach(
          Object.keys(x2).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(x2)),
          (key) => {
            out[key] = copy(x2[key]);
          }
        );
        return out;
      } else {
        return x2;
      }
    }
    return helper5(decycle(x));
  }
  function decycle(x) {
    function helper5(x2, checked, currentPath) {
      checked = checked || [];
      currentPath = currentPath || "";
      if (checked.indexOf(x2) > -1) {
        const parts = currentPath.split("/").slice(currentPath.startsWith("/") ? 1 : 0);
        const isANestedCopy = parts.some((v, i) => {
          const subParts = parts.slice(0, parts.length - i - 1);
          let temp = orig;
          forEach(subParts, (part) => {
            temp = temp[part];
          });
          return temp === x2;
        });
        if (isANestedCopy) {
          const pathToCopy = orig === x2 ? "/" : "/" + indexOf(orig, x2).join("/");
          return `<reference to "${pathToCopy}">`;
        }
      }
      if (typeof x2 === "object") {
        if (x2 === null) return null;
        checked.push(x2);
        if (isArray(x2)) {
          if (typeof x2.constructor !== "undefined" && x2.constructor.name !== "Array") {
            return x2.slice();
          }
          return map(x2, (v, i) => helper5(v, checked, currentPath + "/" + i));
        } else {
          forEach(
            Object.keys(x2).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(x2)),
            (key) => {
              x2[key] = helper5(x2[key], checked, currentPath + "/" + key.toString());
            }
          );
          return x2;
        }
      } else {
        return x2;
      }
    }
    const orig = x;
    let out = helper5(orig);
    if (isDataFrame(x)) {
      const temp = x.copy();
      temp._values = out.values;
      temp._columns = out.columns;
      temp._index = out.index;
      out = temp;
    }
    if (isSeries(x)) {
      const temp = x.copy();
      temp.name = out.name;
      temp._values = out.values;
      temp._index = out.index;
      out = temp;
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/is-date.mjs
  function isDate(x) {
    return x instanceof Date && x.toString() !== "Invalid Date";
  }

  // src/is-equal.mjs
  var numberTypes = ["number", "int", "float", "bigint"];
  function isEqual(a, b) {
    function helper5(a2, b2) {
      const aType = typeof a2;
      const bType = typeof b2;
      if (aType !== bType && !numberTypes.includes(aType) && !numberTypes.includes(bType))
        return false;
      if (aType === "undefined" && bType === "undefined") return true;
      if (aType === "boolean") return a2 === b2;
      if (aType === "symbol") return a2 === b2;
      if (aType === "number" || aType === "bigint") {
        try {
          const aString = a2.toString();
          const bString = b2.toString();
          return aString === bString;
        } catch (e) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      if (aType === "string") return a2 === b2;
      if (aType === "function") return a2 === b2;
      if (aType === "object") {
        if (a2 === null || b2 === null) {
          return a2 === null && b2 === null;
        } else {
          if (isDate(a2)) {
            if (isDate(b2)) {
              return a2.getTime() === b2.getTime();
            } else {
              return false;
            }
          } else if (isDate(b2)) {
            return false;
          }
          if (a2 instanceof RegExp && b2 instanceof RegExp) {
            return a2.toString() === b2.toString();
          }
          if (isArray(a2) !== isArray(b2)) {
            return false;
          }
          const aKeys = Object.keys(a2).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a2));
          const bKeys = Object.keys(b2).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(b2));
          if (aKeys.length !== bKeys.length) return false;
          for (let i = 0; i < aKeys.length; i++) {
            const key = aKeys[i];
            if (!helper5(a2[key], b2[key])) return false;
          }
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    try {
      return helper5(a, b);
    } catch (e) {
      return helper5(decycle(a), decycle(b));
    }
  }

  // src/helpers/counter.mjs
  function makeKey(n) {
    const alpha = "abcdefg1234567890";
    let out = "";
    while (out.length < n) out += alpha[Math.floor(Math.random() * alpha.length)];
    return out;
  }
  var NULL_KEY = makeKey(16);
  var UNDEFINED_KEY = makeKey(16);
  var INFINITY_KEY = makeKey(16);
  var MINUS_INFINITY_KEY = makeKey(16);
  var SYMBOL_KEY = makeKey(16);
  var Counter = class {
    constructor() {
      this.clear();
    }
    get counts() {
      return map(this.values, (v) => this.get(v));
    }
    get values() {
      return Object.values(this.valuesDict);
    }
    clear() {
      this.countsDict = {};
      this.valuesDict = {};
      return this;
    }
    count(x) {
      for (const v of x) {
        if (isArray(v)) {
          this.count(v);
        } else {
          this.increment(v);
        }
      }
      return this;
    }
    delete(value) {
      const key = this.getStandardizedKey(value);
      delete this.countsDict[key];
      delete this.valuesDict[key];
      return this;
    }
    get(value) {
      return this.countsDict[this.getStandardizedKey(value)] || 0;
    }
    getStandardizedKey(value) {
      return typeof value === "object" && value === null ? NULL_KEY : isUndefined(value) ? UNDEFINED_KEY : isFunction(value) ? value.toString() : typeof value === "symbol" ? value.toString() + " - " + SYMBOL_KEY : value === Infinity ? INFINITY_KEY : value === -Infinity ? MINUS_INFINITY_KEY : typeof value === "bigint" ? value.toString() : isDataFrame(value) ? value.toJSONString() : isSeries(value) ? JSON.stringify(value.toObject()) : JSON.stringify(value);
    }
    has(value) {
      return !isUndefined(this.countsDict[this.getStandardizedKey(value)]);
    }
    increment(value) {
      return this.set(value, this.get(value) + 1);
    }
    set(value, count2) {
      const key = this.getStandardizedKey(value);
      this.countsDict[key] = count2;
      this.valuesDict[key] = value;
      return this;
    }
    toArray() {
      return map(this.values, (v) => ({ value: v, count: this.get(v) }));
    }
    toObject() {
      const out = {};
      forEach(this.values, (value) => {
        out[value] = this.get(value);
      });
      return out;
    }
  };

  // src/flatten.mjs
  function flatten(arr) {
    if (isDataFrame(arr) || isSeries(arr)) {
      return flatten(arr.values);
    }
    assert(
      isArray(arr),
      "The `flatten` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    function helper5(arr2) {
      let out = [];
      forEach(arr2, (child) => {
        if (isArray(child)) {
          out = out.concat(helper5(child));
        } else {
          out.push(child);
        }
      });
      return out;
    }
    return helper5(arr);
  }

  // src/stats.mjs
  function stats(x, options) {
    options = options || {};
    const counts = new Counter();
    const out = {};
    const xflat = flatten(x);
    const xnums = [];
    let max2 = -Infinity;
    let min2 = Infinity;
    let resultsShouldIncludeBigInts = false;
    let sum2 = 0;
    for (const v of xflat) {
      if (typeof v === "bigint") {
        resultsShouldIncludeBigInts = true;
      }
      if (!options.shouldDropNaNs || isNumber(v)) {
        try {
          if (v > max2) {
            max2 = v;
          }
          if (v < min2) {
            min2 = v;
          }
          sum2 += Number(v);
          xnums.push(v);
        } catch (e) {
          max2 = NaN;
          min2 = NaN;
          sum2 = NaN;
        }
      }
      counts.increment(v);
    }
    const mean2 = sum2 / xnums.length;
    out.counts = counts;
    out.max = max2;
    out.mean = mean2;
    out.min = min2;
    out.n = xflat.length;
    out.sum = sum2;
    if (isNaN(out.mean)) {
      out.max = NaN;
      out.min = NaN;
    }
    if (options.shouldDropNaNs) {
      out.nWithoutNaNs = xnums.length;
    }
    if (options.mode) {
      const sortedCountPairs = Array.from(
        map(counts.values, (v) => [v, counts.get(v)])
      ).toSorted((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
      const highestCount = sortedCountPairs[0][1];
      const mode2 = [];
      for (const pair of sortedCountPairs) {
        if (pair[1] == highestCount) {
          mode2.push(pair[0]);
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      out.mode = mode2.toSorted();
    }
    if (options.median) {
      if (isNaN(mean2)) {
        out.median = NaN;
      } else {
        const xnumsSorted = xnums.toSorted((a, b) => Number(a) - Number(b));
        const middle = Math.floor(xnumsSorted.length / 2);
        if (xnumsSorted.length % 2 === 0) {
          const left = xnumsSorted[middle - 1];
          const right = xnumsSorted[middle];
          out.median = (Number(left) + Number(right)) / 2;
          if (resultsShouldIncludeBigInts && typeof left === "bigint" && typeof right === "bigint") {
            try {
              out.median = BigInt(out.median);
            } catch (e) {
            }
          }
        } else {
          out.median = xnumsSorted[middle];
        }
      }
    }
    if (options.stdev || options.variance) {
      let variance2 = 0;
      for (const v of xnums) {
        variance2 += Math.pow(Number(v) - mean2, 2);
      }
      variance2 /= xnums.length;
      const stdev2 = Math.sqrt(variance2);
      out.stdev = stdev2;
      out.variance = variance2;
    }
    if (resultsShouldIncludeBigInts) {
      try {
        out.sum = BigInt(out.sum);
      } catch (e) {
      }
      try {
        out.mean = BigInt(out.mean);
      } catch (e) {
      }
      if (options.mode) {
        out.mode = map(out.mode, (v) => {
          try {
            return BigInt(v);
          } catch (e) {
            return v;
          }
        });
      }
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/count.mjs
  function count(arr, matcher) {
    const { counts } = stats(arr);
    if (!isUndefined(matcher)) {
      if (isFunction(matcher)) {
        forEach(counts.values, (v) => {
          if (!matcher(v)) {
            counts.delete(v);
          }
        });
      } else {
        forEach(counts.values, (v) => {
          if (!isEqual(v, matcher)) {
            counts.delete(v);
          }
        });
      }
    }
    return counts;
  }

  // src/filter.mjs
  function filter(x, fn) {
    const out = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      if (fn(x[i], i, x)) {
        out.push(x[i]);
      }
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/is-jagged.mjs
  function helper(x) {
    if (isDataFrame(x) || isSeries(x)) {
      return helper(x.values);
    }
    if (isArray(x)) {
      let hasArrayValues = false;
      let hasNonArrayValues = false;
      let arrayLength = null;
      for (const v of x) {
        if (helper(v)) {
          return true;
        }
        if (isArray(v)) {
          if (arrayLength === null) {
            arrayLength = v.length;
          } else if (v.length !== arrayLength) {
            return true;
          }
          hasArrayValues = true;
        } else {
          hasNonArrayValues = true;
        }
        if (hasArrayValues && hasNonArrayValues) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  function isJagged(x) {
    return helper(decycle(x));
  }

  // src/is-nested.mjs
  function isNested(x) {
    if (isDataFrame(x) || isSeries(x)) {
      return isNested(x.values);
    }
    assert(
      isArray(x),
      "The `isNested` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    for (let i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      if (isArray(x[i])) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  // src/ndarray.mjs
  var error = "You must pass a natural number or a one-dimensional array of natural numbers into the `ndarray` function!";
  function ndarray(shape2) {
    assert(!isUndefined(shape2), error);
    if (!isArray(shape2)) shape2 = [shape2];
    assert(!isNested(shape2), error);
    assert(shape2.length > 0, error);
    let s2 = shape2[0];
    if (typeof s2 === "bigint") s2 = Number(s2);
    assert(isNumber(s2), error);
    assert(s2 >= 0, error);
    assert(Math.floor(s2) === s2, error);
    assert(
      s2 !== Infinity,
      "We can't create an array containing an infinite number of values!"
    );
    if (shape2.length === 1) {
      const out = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < s2; i++) out.push(void 0);
      return out;
    } else {
      const out = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < s2; i++) {
        out.push(ndarray(shape2.slice(1)));
      }
      return out;
    }
  }

  // src/range.mjs
  var RangeIterator = class _RangeIterator {
    static from(data) {
      return new _RangeIterator(data.a, data.b);
    }
    a = 0;
    b = 0;
    step = 0;
    constructor(a, b, step) {
      this.a = a;
      this.b = b;
      this.step = step ?? 1;
    }
    get length() {
      return Math.abs(
        (Math.max(this.a, this.b) - Math.min(this.a, this.b)) / this.step
      );
    }
    get pairIterator() {
      const iterator = this[Symbol.iterator]();
      function* helper5() {
        let i = 0;
        for (const v of iterator) {
          yield [v, i];
          i++;
        }
      }
      return helper5();
    }
    [Symbol.iterator]() {
      const shouldIncludeBigInts = typeof this.a === "bigint" || typeof this.b === "bigint" || typeof this.step === "bigint";
      const a = shouldIncludeBigInts ? BigInt(this.a) : this.a;
      const b = shouldIncludeBigInts ? BigInt(this.b) : this.b;
      let step = shouldIncludeBigInts ? BigInt(this.step) : this.step;
      if (a <= b && step < 0 || a > b && step > 0) {
        step *= shouldIncludeBigInts ? BigInt(-1) : -1;
      }
      function* helper5() {
        if (a <= b) {
          for (let i = a; i < b; i += step) {
            yield i;
          }
        } else {
          for (let i = a; i > b; i += step) {
            yield i;
          }
        }
      }
      return helper5();
    }
    drop(limit) {
      return new _RangeIterator(this.a + limit * this.step, this.b);
    }
    every(fn) {
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        if (!fn(...pair)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }
    filter(fn) {
      const out = [];
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        if (fn(...pair)) {
          out.push(pair[0]);
        }
      }
      return out;
    }
    find(fn) {
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        if (fn(...pair)) {
          return pair[0];
        }
      }
    }
    flatMap() {
      throw new Error("The `RangeIterator.flatMap` method has no implementation!");
    }
    forEach(fn) {
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        fn(...pair);
      }
    }
    map(fn) {
      const out = [];
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        out.push(fn(...pair));
      }
      return out;
    }
    reduce(fn, out) {
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        out = fn(pair[0], out, pair[1]);
      }
      return out;
    }
    some(fn) {
      for (const pair of this.pairIterator) {
        if (fn(...pair)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      return false;
    }
    take(limit) {
      return new _RangeIterator(this.a, this.a + limit * this.step);
    }
    toArray() {
      const out = [];
      for (const i of this) {
        out.push(i);
      }
      return out;
    }
  };
  function range(a, b, step = 1) {
    assert(
      !isUndefined(a) && !isUndefined(b) && !isUndefined(step),
      "You must pass two numbers and optionally a step value to the `range` function!"
    );
    assert(
      isNumber(a) && isNumber(b) && isNumber(step),
      "You must pass two numbers and optionally a step value to the `range` function!"
    );
    assert(
      step !== 0,
      "The step value must be greater than 0! (NOTE: The step value is a magnitude; it does not indicate direction.)"
    );
    return new RangeIterator(a, b, step);
  }

  // src/set.mjs
  function makeKey2(n) {
    const alpha = "abcdefg1234567890";
    let out = "";
    while (out.length < n) out += alpha[Math.floor(Math.random() * alpha.length)];
    return out;
  }
  var NULL_KEY2 = makeKey2(256);
  var UNDEFINED_KEY2 = makeKey2(256);
  var INFINITY_KEY2 = makeKey2(256);
  var MINUS_INFINITY_KEY2 = makeKey2(256);
  var SYMBOL_KEY2 = makeKey2(256);
  function set(arr) {
    if (isDataFrame(arr) || isSeries(arr)) {
      return set(arr.values);
    }
    assert(
      isArray(arr),
      "The `set` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    const out = [];
    const temp = {};
    forEach(flatten(arr), (item) => {
      const key = typeof item === "object" && item === null ? NULL_KEY2 : isUndefined(item) ? UNDEFINED_KEY2 : isFunction(item) ? item.toString() : typeof item === "symbol" ? item.toString() + " - " + SYMBOL_KEY2 : item === Infinity ? INFINITY_KEY2 : item === -Infinity ? MINUS_INFINITY_KEY2 : typeof item === "bigint" ? item.toString() : isDataFrame(item) ? item.toJSONString() : isSeries(item) ? JSON.stringify(item.toObject()) : JSON.stringify(item);
      if (!temp[key]) out.push(item);
      temp[key] = true;
    });
    return out;
  }

  // src/shape.mjs
  function helper2(x) {
    if (isArray(x)) {
      const childShapes = helper2(x[0]);
      return [x.length].concat(childShapes || []);
    } else {
      return void 0;
    }
  }
  function shape(x) {
    if (isDataFrame(x) || isSeries(x)) {
      return shape(x.values);
    }
    assert(
      isArray(x),
      "The `shape` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    return helper2(x);
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-append.mjs
  function dfAppend(df, x, axis) {
    if (isUndefined(axis)) {
      axis = 0;
    }
    assert(
      axis === 0 || axis === 1 || axis === "vertical" || axis === "horizontal",
      'The only valid axis values for use when appending data to a DataFrame are 0, 1, "vertical", and "horizontal". Note that 0 == "horizontal" and 1 == "vertical".'
    );
    if (isArray(x)) {
      assert(
        !isJagged(x),
        "The array of data you're trying to append to this DataFrame is jagged!"
      );
      const xShape = shape(x);
      if (xShape.length === 1) {
        if (axis === 0) {
          const out = df.copy();
          out._values.push(x);
          const maxRowLength = Math.max(df.shape[1], xShape[0]);
          forEach(out._values, (row) => {
            while (row.length < maxRowLength) {
              row.push(void 0);
            }
          });
          while (out._index.length < out._values.length) {
            out._index.push("row" + out._index.length);
          }
          while (out._columns.length < maxRowLength) {
            out._columns.push("col" + out._columns.length);
          }
          return out;
        } else {
          const maxColLength = Math.max(df.shape[0], xShape[0]);
          const out = df.copy();
          range(0, maxColLength).forEach((i) => {
            if (i >= out._values.length) {
              out._values.push(ndarray(df.shape[1]));
            }
            out._values[i].push(x[i]);
          });
          while (out._index.length < out._values.length) {
            out._index.push("row" + out._index.length);
          }
          while (out._columns.length < out._values[0].length) {
            out._columns.push("col" + out._columns.length);
          }
          return out;
        }
      } else if (xShape.length === 2) {
        if (axis === 0) {
          const maxRowLength = Math.max(
            ...map(x, (row) => row.length).concat([df.shape[1]])
          );
          const out = df.copy();
          out._values = map(out._values.concat(x), (row) => {
            while (row.length < maxRowLength) {
              row.push(void 0);
            }
            return row;
          });
          while (out._index.length < out._values.length) {
            out._index.push("row" + out._index.length);
          }
          while (out._columns.length < maxRowLength) {
            out._columns.push("col" + out._columns.length);
          }
          return out;
        } else {
          const maxRowLength = Math.max(...map(x, (row) => row.length)) + df.shape[1];
          const maxColLength = Math.max(df.shape[0], xShape[0]);
          const out = df.copy();
          range(0, maxColLength).forEach((i) => {
            if (i >= out._values.length) {
              out._values.push(ndarray(df.shape[1]));
            }
            out._values[i] = out._values[i].concat(x[i]);
            while (out._values[i].length < maxRowLength) {
              out._values[i].push(void 0);
            }
          });
          while (out._index.length < out._values.length) {
            out._index.push("row" + out._index.length);
          }
          while (out._columns.length < maxRowLength) {
            out._columns.push("col" + out._columns.length);
          }
          return out;
        }
      } else {
        throw new MathError(
          "Only 1- and 2-dimensional arrays can be appended to a DataFrame!"
        );
      }
    } else if (isSeries(x)) {
      const out = dfAppend(df, x.values, axis);
      if (axis === 0) {
        out.index[out.index.length - 1] = out.index.indexOf(x.name) > -1 ? x.name + " (2)" : x.name;
      } else {
        out.columns[out.columns.length - 1] = out.columns.indexOf(x.name) > -1 ? x.name + " (2)" : x.name;
      }
      return out;
    } else if (isDataFrame(x)) {
      if (axis === 0) {
        const out = df.copy();
        const maxRowLength = set(out._columns.concat(x._columns)).length;
        forEach(out._values, (row) => {
          while (row.length < maxRowLength) {
            row.push(void 0);
          }
        });
        x.apply((row) => {
          const rowCopy = row.copy();
          const temp = [];
          forEach(out._columns, (col) => {
            const index = rowCopy._index.indexOf(col);
            if (index > -1) {
              temp.push(rowCopy._values[index]);
              rowCopy._values.splice(index, 1);
              rowCopy._index.splice(index, 1);
            } else {
              temp.push(void 0);
            }
          });
          out._values.push(temp.concat(rowCopy._values));
        }, 1);
        out._columns = out._columns.concat(
          filter(x._columns, (c) => out._columns.indexOf(c) < 0)
        );
        while (out._index.length < out._values.length) {
          const newRowName = "row" + out._index.length;
          out._index.push(
            newRowName + (df._index.indexOf(newRowName) > -1 ? " (2)" : "")
          );
        }
        return out;
      } else {
        const out = df.copy();
        forEach(out._index, (rowName, i) => {
          const xIndex = x._index.indexOf(rowName);
          if (xIndex > -1) {
            out._values[i] = out._values[i].concat(x._values[xIndex]);
          } else {
            out._values[i] = out._values[i].concat(ndarray(x.shape[1]));
          }
        });
        forEach(x._index, (rowName, i) => {
          const outIndex = out._index.indexOf(rowName);
          if (outIndex < 0) {
            out._index.push(rowName);
            out._values.push(ndarray(out._columns.length).concat(x._values[i]));
          }
        });
        out._columns = out._columns.concat(
          map(x._columns, (c) => c + (out._columns.indexOf(c) > -1 ? " (2)" : ""))
        );
        return out;
      }
    } else {
      throw new MathError(
        "Only 1- or 2-dimensional arrays, Series, and DataFrames can be appended to a DataFrame!"
      );
    }
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-apply.mjs
  function dfApply(DataFrame2, Series2, df, fn, axis) {
    axis = axis || 0;
    assert(
      isFunction(fn),
      "The first parameter to the `apply` method must be a function."
    );
    assert(
      axis === 0 || axis === 1,
      "The second parameter to the `apply` method (the `axis`) must be 0 or 1."
    );
    if (axis === 0) {
      const temp = {};
      let shouldReturnADataFrame;
      forEach(df.columns, (colName, i) => {
        const series = new Series2(map(df.values, (row) => row[i]));
        series.name = colName;
        series.index = df.index;
        const value = fn(series, i, df);
        if (value instanceof Series2) {
          temp[colName] = value.values;
        } else {
          temp[colName] = value;
        }
        if (isUndefined(shouldReturnADataFrame)) {
          shouldReturnADataFrame = value instanceof Series2 || isArray(value);
        }
      });
      if (shouldReturnADataFrame) {
        const out = new DataFrame2(temp);
        out.index = df.index;
        return out;
      } else {
        const out = new Series2(map(df.columns, (colName) => temp[colName]));
        out.index = df.columns;
        return out;
      }
    } else if (axis === 1) {
      let shouldReturnADataFrame;
      const temp = map(df.values, (row, i) => {
        const series = new Series2(row);
        series.name = df.index[i];
        series.index = df.columns;
        const value = fn(series, i, df);
        if (isUndefined(shouldReturnADataFrame)) {
          shouldReturnADataFrame = value instanceof Series2 || isArray(value);
        }
        if (value instanceof Series2) {
          return value.values;
        } else {
          return value;
        }
      });
      if (shouldReturnADataFrame) {
        const out = new DataFrame2(temp);
        out.index = df.index;
        out.columns = df.columns;
        return out;
      } else {
        const out = new Series2(temp);
        out.index = df.index;
        return out;
      }
    }
  }

  // src/is-string.mjs
  function isString(s2) {
    return typeof s2 === "string";
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-assign.mjs
  function dfAssign(DataFrame2, Series2, df, p1, p2) {
    const isDataFrame2 = (x) => x instanceof DataFrame2;
    const isSeries2 = (x) => x instanceof Series2;
    if (!isUndefined(p2)) {
      assert(
        isString(p1),
        "If passing two arguments into the `assign` method, then the first argument must be a string name!"
      );
      assert(
        isArray(p2) && !isJagged(p2) && shape(p2).length === 1,
        "If passing two arguments into the `assign` method, then the second argument must be a 1-dimensional array!"
      );
      const out = df.copy();
      if (out.columns.includes(p1)) {
        const index = out.columns.indexOf(p1);
        out.columns[index] = p1;
        forEach(out.values, (v, i) => v[index] = p2[i]);
        return out;
      } else {
        out._columns.push(p1);
        forEach(out._values, (v, i) => v.push(p2[i]));
        return out;
      }
    } else {
      if (isDataFrame2(p1)) {
        const out = df.copy();
        const outShape = out.shape;
        const p1Shape = p1.shape;
        for (let j = 0; j < p1Shape[1]; j++) {
          const col = p1.columns[j];
          const colNewIndex = out.columns.includes(col) ? out.columns.indexOf(col) : out.columns.length;
          if (!out.columns.includes(col)) {
            out._columns.push(col);
          }
          for (let i = 0; i < outShape[0]; i++) {
            out._values[i][colNewIndex] = p1._values[i][j];
          }
        }
        return out;
      } else if (isSeries2(p1)) {
        return df.assign(p1.name, p1.values);
      } else if (isObject(p1)) {
        return df.assign(new DataFrame2(p1));
      } else {
        throw new MathError(
          "You must pass a DataFrame, Series, or object into the `assign` method!"
        );
      }
    }
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-copy.mjs
  function dfCopy(DataFrame2, df) {
    if (df.isEmpty) return new DataFrame2();
    const out = new DataFrame2(copy(df.values));
    out.columns = df.columns.slice();
    out.index = df.index.slice();
    return out;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-drop.mjs
  function dfDrop(DataFrame2, Series2, df, rows, cols) {
    if (isUndefined(rows)) rows = [];
    if (isUndefined(cols)) cols = [];
    if (isString(rows) || isNumber(rows)) rows = [rows];
    if (isString(cols) || isNumber(cols)) cols = [cols];
    assert(
      isArray(rows),
      "The `drop` method only works on 1-dimensional arrays of numerical indices and/or strings."
    );
    assert(
      isArray(cols),
      "The `drop` method only works on 1-dimensional arrays of numerical indices and/or strings."
    );
    assert(
      shape(rows).length === 1,
      "The `drop` method only works on 1-dimensional arrays of numerical indices and/or strings."
    );
    assert(
      shape(cols).length === 1,
      "The `drop` method only works on 1-dimensional arrays of numerical indices and/or strings."
    );
    let outIndex, outColumns;
    forEach(df.index, (row, i) => {
      if (rows.indexOf(row) < 0 && rows.indexOf(i) < 0) {
        if (!outIndex) outIndex = [];
        outIndex.push(row);
      }
    });
    forEach(df.columns, (col, i) => {
      if (cols.indexOf(col) < 0 && cols.indexOf(i) < 0) {
        if (!outColumns) outColumns = [];
        outColumns.push(col);
      }
    });
    let out = df.get(outIndex, outColumns);
    if (out instanceof Series2) {
      let temp = new DataFrame2();
      temp = temp.assign(out);
      if (df.index.indexOf(out.name) > -1) temp = temp.transpose();
      out = temp;
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/helpers/is-integer.mjs
  function isInteger(x) {
    return isNumber(x) && (x >= 0 ? Math.floor(x) === x : Math.ceil(x) === x);
  }

  // src/helpers/is-whole-number.mjs
  function isWholeNumber(x) {
    return isInteger(x) && x >= 0;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-drop-missing.mjs
  function dfDropMissing(DataFrame2, Series2, df, axis, condition, threshold) {
    axis = axis || 0;
    assert(
      axis === 0 || axis === 1,
      "The first parameter of the `dropMissing` method (the `axis`) must be 0 or 1."
    );
    threshold = threshold || 0;
    assert(
      isWholeNumber(threshold),
      "The third parameter of the `dropMissing` method (the `threshold`) should be a whole number (meaning that data should be dropped if it contains more than `threshold` null values)."
    );
    condition = threshold > 0 ? "none" : condition || "any";
    assert(
      condition === "any" || condition === "all" || condition === "none",
      "The second parameter of the `dropMissing` method (the `condition` parameter, which indicates the condition under which data should be dropped) should be 'any' or 'all' (meaning that if 'any' of the data contains null values, then it should be dropped; or that if 'all' of the data contains null values, then it should be dropped)."
    );
    function helper5(values) {
      if (threshold > 0) {
        let count2 = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
          const value = values[i];
          if (isUndefined(value)) count2++;
          if (count2 >= threshold) return [];
        }
      } else if (condition === "any") {
        for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
          const value = values[i];
          if (isUndefined(value)) return [];
        }
      } else if (condition === "all") {
        for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
          const value = values[i];
          if (!isUndefined(value)) return values;
        }
        return [];
      }
      return values;
    }
    let out = df.copy();
    const tempID = Math.random().toString();
    if (axis === 0) {
      out = out.assign(tempID, out.index);
      const newValues = filter(map(out.values, helper5), (row) => row.length > 0);
      if (shape(newValues).length < 2) return new DataFrame2();
      out.values = newValues;
      let newIndex = out.get(null, tempID);
      if (isUndefined(newIndex)) return new DataFrame2();
      if (isString(newIndex)) newIndex = [newIndex];
      if (newIndex instanceof Series2) newIndex = newIndex.values;
      out.index = newIndex;
      out = out.drop(null, tempID);
    } else if (axis === 1) {
      const temp = {};
      forEach(out.columns, (colName, i) => {
        const values = map(out.values, (row) => row[i]);
        const newValues = helper5(values);
        if (newValues.length > 0) {
          temp[colName] = newValues;
        }
      });
      if (Object.keys(temp).length + Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(temp).length === 0) {
        return new DataFrame2();
      }
      const newOut = new DataFrame2(temp);
      newOut.index = out.index;
      return newOut;
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/drop-nan.mjs
  function dropNaN(x) {
    if (isDataFrame(x) || isSeries(x)) {
      return x.dropNaN(...Object.values(arguments).slice(1));
    }
    assert(
      isArray(x),
      "The `dropNaN` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    const out = [];
    forEach(x, (v) => {
      try {
        return out.push(dropNaN(v));
      } catch (e) {
        if (isNumber(v)) {
          return out.push(v);
        }
      }
    });
    return out;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-drop-nan.mjs
  function dfDropNaN(DataFrame2, df, axis, condition, threshold) {
    axis = axis || 0;
    assert(
      axis === 0 || axis === 1,
      "The first parameter of the `dropNaN` method (the `axis`) must be 0 or 1."
    );
    threshold = threshold || 0;
    assert(
      isWholeNumber(threshold),
      "The third parameter of the `dropNaN` method (the `threshold`) should be a whole number (meaning that data should be dropped if it contains more than `threshold` NaN values)."
    );
    condition = threshold > 0 ? "none" : condition || "any";
    assert(
      condition === "any" || condition === "all" || condition === "none",
      "The second parameter of the `dropNaN` method (the `condition` parameter, which indicates the condition under which data should be dropped) should be 'any' or 'all' (meaning that if 'any' of the data contains NaN values, then it should be dropped; or that if 'all' of the data contains NaN values, then it should be dropped)."
    );
    function helper5(values) {
      const numericalValues = dropNaN(values);
      if (threshold > 0) return values.length - numericalValues.length < threshold;
      if (condition === "any") return numericalValues.length === values.length;
      if (condition === "all") return numericalValues.length > 0;
      return true;
    }
    const out = df.copy();
    if (axis === 0) {
      const rowsToKeep = filter(out.index, (row) => {
        const values = out.get(row, null).values;
        return helper5(values);
      });
      if (rowsToKeep.length > 0) return out.get(rowsToKeep, null);
      else return new DataFrame2();
    } else if (axis === 1) {
      const colsToKeep = filter(out.columns, (col) => {
        const values = out.get(null, col).values;
        return helper5(values);
      });
      if (colsToKeep.length > 0) return out.get(null, colsToKeep);
      else return new DataFrame2();
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-filter.mjs
  function arrayToObject(x) {
    const out = {};
    forEach(flatten(x), (value, i) => {
      out[value] = i;
    });
    return out;
  }
  function undoArrayToObject(obj) {
    return Object.keys(obj).concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj)).sort((a, b) => obj[a] - obj[b]);
  }
  function dfFilter(DataFrame2, Series2, df, fn, axis) {
    assert(
      isFunction(fn),
      "The `filter` method takes a single parameter: a function that is used to filter the values."
    );
    if (isUndefined(axis)) axis = 0;
    assert(
      axis === 0 || axis === 1,
      "The `axis` parameter to the `filter` method must be 0 or 1."
    );
    let out = df.copy();
    if (out.isEmpty) return out;
    const index = arrayToObject(out.index);
    const columns = arrayToObject(out.columns);
    if (axis === 0) {
      let count2 = 0;
      const newValues = filter(out.values, (row, i) => {
        const series = new Series2(row);
        series.name = df.index[i];
        series.index = df.columns;
        const shouldKeep = fn(series, i, df);
        if (shouldKeep) {
          count2++;
        } else {
          delete index[out.index[i]];
        }
        return shouldKeep;
      });
      if (count2 === 0) {
        return new DataFrame2();
      }
      if (count2 === 1) {
        const temp = new Series2(newValues[0]);
        temp.name = undoArrayToObject(index)[0];
        temp.index = undoArrayToObject(columns);
        return temp;
      }
      out.values = newValues;
      out.index = undoArrayToObject(index);
    } else if (axis === 1) {
      out = out.transpose();
      let count2 = 0;
      const newValues = filter(out.values, (row, i) => {
        const series = new Series2(row);
        series.name = df.columns[i];
        series.index = df.index;
        const shouldKeep = fn(series, i, df);
        if (shouldKeep) {
          count2++;
        } else {
          delete columns[out.index[i]];
        }
        return shouldKeep;
      });
      if (count2 === 0) {
        return new DataFrame2();
      }
      if (count2 === 1) {
        const temp = new Series2(newValues[0]);
        temp.name = undoArrayToObject(columns)[0];
        temp.index = undoArrayToObject(index);
        return temp;
      }
      out.values = newValues;
      out.index = undoArrayToObject(columns);
      out = out.transpose();
    }
    return out;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-get.mjs
  function dfGet(df, rows, cols) {
    if (isString(rows) || isNumber(rows)) rows = [rows];
    if (isString(cols) || isNumber(cols)) cols = [cols];
    for (const i in rows) {
      if (typeof rows[i] === "bigint") {
        rows[i] = Number(rows[i]);
      }
    }
    for (const i in cols) {
      if (typeof cols[i] === "bigint") {
        cols[i] = Number(cols[i]);
      }
    }
    const types = set(map((rows || []).concat(cols || []), (v) => typeof v));
    assert(
      types.length <= 2,
      "Only whole numbers and/or strings are allowed in `get` arrays!"
    );
    if (types.length === 1) {
      assert(
        types[0] === "string" || types[0] === "number",
        "Only whole numbers and/or strings are allowed in `get` arrays!"
      );
    }
    if (types.length === 2) {
      assert(
        types.indexOf("string") > -1,
        "Only whole numbers and/or strings are allowed in `get` arrays!"
      );
      assert(
        types.indexOf("number") > -1,
        "Only whole numbers and/or strings are allowed in `get` arrays!"
      );
    }
    if (!isUndefined(rows)) {
      rows = map(rows, (r) => {
        if (isString(r)) {
          assert(df.index.indexOf(r) > -1, `Row "${r}" does not exist!`);
          return r;
        }
        if (isNumber(r)) {
          assert(r >= 0, `Index ${r} is out of bounds!`);
          assert(Math.floor(r) === r, `Row numbers must be integers!`);
          assert(r < df.index.length, `Index ${r} is out of bounds!`);
          return df.index[r];
        }
      });
    }
    if (!isUndefined(cols)) {
      cols = map(cols, (c) => {
        if (isString(c)) {
          assert(df.columns.indexOf(c) > -1, `Column "${c}" does not exist!`);
          return c;
        }
        if (isNumber(c)) {
          assert(c >= 0, `Column ${c} is out of bounds!`);
          assert(Math.floor(c) === c, `Column numbers must be integers!`);
          assert(c < df.columns.length, `Column ${c} is out of bounds!`);
          return df.columns[c];
        }
      });
    }
    return df.getSubsetByNames(rows, cols);
  }

  // src/sort.mjs
  function alphaSort(a, b) {
    try {
      if (a < b) return -1;
      if (a > b) return 1;
      return 0;
    } catch (e) {
      a = typeof a === "object" && a !== null ? JSON.stringify(a) : a.toString();
      b = typeof b === "object" && b !== null ? JSON.stringify(b) : b.toString();
      if (a < b) return -1;
      if (a > b) return 1;
      return 0;
    }
  }
  function sort(arr, fn) {
    if (isUndefined(fn)) fn = alphaSort;
    if (isDataFrame(arr) || isSeries(arr)) {
      return arr.sort(...Object.values(arguments).slice(1));
    }
    assert(
      isArray(arr),
      "The `sort` function only works on arrays, Series, and DataFrames!"
    );
    assert(
      isFunction(fn),
      "The second parameter of the `sort` function must be a comparison function!"
    );
    const out = arr.slice();
    out.sort(fn);
    return out;
  }

  // src/dataframe/df-get-dummies.mjs
  function camelify(text) {
    const temp = text.toLowerCase();
    let out = "";
    for (let i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
      const char = temp[i];
      if (char.match(/[a-z0-9]/g)) {
        out += char;
      } else {
        out += " ";
      }
    }
    const words = filter(out.split(" "), (word) => word.length > 0);
    return words[0] + map(
      words.slice(1),
      (word) => word[0].toUpperCase() + word.substring(1)
    ).join("");
  }
  function dfGetDummies(DataFrame2, df, columns) {
    if (isUndefined(columns)) {
      columns = df.columns;
    } else if (isString(columns)) {
      columns = [columns];
    }
    const temp = {};
    forEach(columns, (col) => {
      assert(
        isString(col),
        "You must pass either a string or a one-dimensional array of strings in