@inrupt/solid-client/src/thing/get.test.ts

Make your web apps work with Solid Pods.

/**
 * Copyright 2020 Inrupt Inc.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
 * Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
 * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

import { describe, it, expect } from "@jest/globals";

import { NamedNode, Quad, Literal } from "rdf-js";
import { DataFactory } from "n3";
import { dataset } from "@rdfjs/dataset";
import { IriString, Iri, Thing } from "../interfaces";
import {
  getUrl,
  getBoolean,
  getDatetime,
  getDecimal,
  getInteger,
  getStringWithLocale,
  getStringNoLocale,
  getLiteral,
  getNamedNode,
  getUrlAll,
  getBooleanAll,
  getDatetimeAll,
  getDecimalAll,
  getIntegerAll,
  getStringWithLocaleAll,
  getStringByLocaleAll,
  getStringNoLocaleAll,
  getLiteralAll,
  getNamedNodeAll,
  getTerm,
  getTermAll,
  getIriAll,
} from "./get";
import { xmlSchemaTypes } from "../datatypes";
import { ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError } from "./thing";
import { mockThingFrom } from "./mock";

const SUBJECT = "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject";
const PREDICATE = "https://some.vocab/predicate";

function makeQuad(
  subject: IriString,
  predicate: IriString,
  value: IriString,
  locale?: IriString | Iri
): Quad {
  return DataFactory.quad(
    DataFactory.namedNode(subject),
    DataFactory.namedNode(predicate),
    DataFactory.literal(value, locale)
  );
}

function getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
  predicate: IriString,
  literalValue: string,
  literalType: "string" | "integer" | "decimal" | "boolean" | "dateTime"
): Quad {
  const quad = DataFactory.quad(
    DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
    DataFactory.namedNode(predicate),
    DataFactory.literal(
      literalValue,
      DataFactory.namedNode("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" + literalType)
    )
  );
  return quad;
}
function getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
  predicate: IriString,
  literalValue: string,
  literalType: "string" | "integer" | "decimal" | "boolean" | "dateTime"
): Thing {
  const quad = getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(predicate, literalValue, literalType);
  const thing = dataset();
  thing.add(quad);

  return Object.assign(thing, {
    internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
  });
}
function getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
  predicate: IriString,
  literal1Value: string,
  literal2Value: string,
  literalType: "string" | "integer" | "decimal" | "boolean" | "dateTime"
): Thing {
  const quad1 = getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
    predicate,
    literal1Value,
    literalType
  );
  const quad2 = getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
    predicate,
    literal2Value,
    literalType
  );
  const thing = dataset();
  thing.add(quad1);
  thing.add(quad2);

  return Object.assign(thing, {
    internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
  });
}

describe("getIri", () => {
  function getMockQuadWithIri(
    predicate: IriString,
    iri: IriString = "https://arbitrary.vocab/object"
  ): Quad {
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode(predicate),
      DataFactory.namedNode(iri)
    );
    return quad;
  }
  function getMockThingWithIri(
    predicate: IriString,
    iri: IriString = "https://arbitrary.vocab/object"
  ): Thing {
    const quad = getMockQuadWithIri(predicate, iri);
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);

    return Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });
  }

  it("returns the IRI value for the given Property", () => {
    const thingWithIri = getMockThingWithIri(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "https://some.vocab/object"
    );

    expect(getUrl(thingWithIri, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toBe(
      "https://some.vocab/object"
    );
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithIri = getMockThingWithIri(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "https://some.vocab/object"
    );

    expect(
      getUrl(
        thingWithIri,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toBe("https://some.vocab/object");
  });

  it("returns null if no IRI value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutIri = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(getUrl(thingWithoutIri, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-IRI values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithIri(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "https://some.vocab/object"
      )
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getUrl(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBe("https://some.vocab/object");
  });

  it("returns null if no IRI value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithIri = getMockThingWithIri("https://some.vocab/predicate");

    expect(
      getUrl(thingWithIri, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getUrl((null as unknown) as Thing, "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate")
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getUrl(mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"), "not-a-url")
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getUrl(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getIriAll", () => {
  function getMockQuadWithIri(
    predicate: IriString,
    iri: IriString = "https://arbitrary.vocab/object"
  ): Quad {
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode(predicate),
      DataFactory.namedNode(iri)
    );
    return quad;
  }
  function getMockThingWithIris(
    predicate: IriString,
    iri1: IriString = "https://arbitrary.vocab/object1",
    iri2: IriString = "https://arbitrary.vocab/object2"
  ): Thing {
    const quad1 = getMockQuadWithIri(predicate, iri1);
    const quad2 = getMockQuadWithIri(predicate, iri2);
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad1);
    thing.add(quad2);

    return Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });
  }

  it("returns the IRI values for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithIris = getMockThingWithIris(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "https://some.vocab/object1",
      "https://some.vocab/object2"
    );

    expect(getUrlAll(thingWithIris, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toEqual([
      "https://some.vocab/object1",
      "https://some.vocab/object2",
    ]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithIris = getMockThingWithIris(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "https://some.vocab/object1",
      "https://some.vocab/object2"
    );

    expect(
      getUrlAll(
        thingWithIris,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual(["https://some.vocab/object1", "https://some.vocab/object2"]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no IRI value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutIris = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(getUrlAll(thingWithoutIris, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toEqual(
      []
    );
  });

  it("does not return non-IRI values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithIri(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "https://some.vocab/object"
      )
    );

    expect(
      getUrlAll(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual(["https://some.vocab/object"]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no IRI value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithIri = getMockThingWithIris("https://some.vocab/predicate");

    expect(
      getUrlAll(thingWithIri, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getUrlAll((null as unknown) as Thing, "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate")
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getUrlAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getIriAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getBoolean", () => {
  it("returns the boolean value for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(getBoolean(thingWithBoolean, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toBe(
      true
    );
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "0",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBoolean(
        thingWithBoolean,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toBe(false);
  });

  it("returns null if no boolean value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getBoolean(thingWithoutBoolean, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-boolean values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor("https://some.vocab/predicate", "1", "boolean")
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getBoolean(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBe(true);
  });

  it("returns null if no boolean value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBoolean(thingWithBoolean, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("returns null if an invalid value, marked as boolean, was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithNonBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Not a boolean",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBoolean(thingWithNonBoolean, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getBoolean(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getBoolean(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getBoolean(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getBooleanAll", () => {
  it("returns the boolean values for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithBooleans = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1",
      "0",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(thingWithBooleans, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([true, false]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithBooleans = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1",
      "0",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(
        thingWithBooleans,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual([true, false]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no boolean values were found", () => {
    const thingWithoutBooleans = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(thingWithoutBooleans, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not return non-boolean values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor("https://some.vocab/predicate", "1", "boolean")
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([true]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no boolean values were found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(thingWithBoolean, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not include invalid values marked as boolean", () => {
    const thingWithNonBoolean = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Not a boolean",
      "0",
      "boolean"
    );

    expect(
      getBooleanAll(thingWithNonBoolean, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([false]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getBooleanAll(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getBooleanAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getBooleanAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getDatetime", () => {
  it("returns the datetime value for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );
    const expectedDate = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetime(thingWithDatetime, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual(expectedDate);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );
    const expectedDate = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetime(
        thingWithDatetime,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual(expectedDate);
  });

  it("returns null if no datetime value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getDatetime(thingWithoutDatetime, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-datetime values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
        "dateTime"
      )
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );
    const expectedDate = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetime(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual(expectedDate);
  });

  it("returns null if no datetime value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );

    expect(
      getDatetime(thingWithDatetime, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("returns null if an invalid value, marked as datetime, was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithNonDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Not a datetime",
      "dateTime"
    );

    expect(
      getDatetime(thingWithNonDatetime, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDatetime(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDatetime(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getDatetime(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getDatetimeAll", () => {
  it("returns the datetime values for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDatetimes = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1955-06-08T13:37:42.000Z",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );
    const expectedDate1 = new Date(Date.UTC(1955, 5, 8, 13, 37, 42, 0));
    const expectedDate2 = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(thingWithDatetimes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([expectedDate1, expectedDate2]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithDatetimes = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1955-06-08T13:37:42.000Z",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );
    const expectedDate1 = new Date(Date.UTC(1955, 5, 8, 13, 37, 42, 0));
    const expectedDate2 = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(
        thingWithDatetimes,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual([expectedDate1, expectedDate2]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no datetime values were found", () => {
    const thingWithoutDatetimes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(thingWithoutDatetimes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not return non-datetime values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
        "dateTime"
      )
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );
    const expectedDate = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(
        thingWithDifferentDatatypes,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toEqual([expectedDate]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no datetime values were found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(thingWithDatetime, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not return invalid values marked as datetime", () => {
    const thingWithNonDatetime = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Not a datetime",
      "1990-11-12T13:37:42.000Z",
      "dateTime"
    );

    const expectedDate = new Date(Date.UTC(1990, 10, 12, 13, 37, 42, 0));

    expect(
      getDatetimeAll(thingWithNonDatetime, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([expectedDate]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDatetimeAll(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDatetimeAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getDatetimeAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getDecimal", () => {
  it("returns the decimal value for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDecimal = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(getDecimal(thingWithDecimal, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toBe(
      13.37
    );
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithDecimal = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimal(
        thingWithDecimal,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toBe(13.37);
  });

  it("returns null if no decimal value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutDecimal = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimal(thingWithoutDecimal, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-decimal values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "13.37",
        "decimal"
      )
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getDecimal(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBe(13.37);
  });

  it("returns null if no decimal value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDecimal = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimal(thingWithDecimal, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDecimal(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDecimal(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getDecimal(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getDecimalAll", () => {
  it("returns the decimal values for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDecimals = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "7.2",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimalAll(thingWithDecimals, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([13.37, 7.2]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithDecimals = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "7.2",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimalAll(
        thingWithDecimals,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual([13.37, 7.2]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no decimal values were found", () => {
    const thingWithoutDecimals = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimalAll(thingWithoutDecimals, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not return non-decimal values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor(
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "13.37",
        "decimal"
      )
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getDecimalAll(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([13.37]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no decimal values were found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithDecimal = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getDecimalAll(thingWithDecimal, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDecimalAll(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getDecimalAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getDecimalAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getInteger", () => {
  it("returns the integer value for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithInteger = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(getInteger(thingWithInteger, "https://some.vocab/predicate")).toBe(
      42
    );
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithInteger = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getInteger(
        thingWithInteger,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toBe(42);
  });

  it("returns null if no integer value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutInteger = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getInteger(thingWithoutInteger, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-integer values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor("https://some.vocab/predicate", "42", "integer")
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getInteger(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBe(42);
  });

  it("returns null if no integer value was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithInteger = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getInteger(thingWithInteger, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getInteger(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getInteger(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getInteger(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getIntegerAll", () => {
  it("returns the integer values for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithIntegers = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "1337",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getIntegerAll(thingWithIntegers, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([42, 1337]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const thingWithIntegers = getMockThingWithLiteralsFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "1337",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getIntegerAll(
        thingWithIntegers,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate")
      )
    ).toEqual([42, 1337]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no integer values were found", () => {
    const thingWithoutIntegers = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "13.37",
      "decimal"
    );

    expect(
      getIntegerAll(thingWithoutIntegers, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("does not return non-integer values", () => {
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "Arbitrary value",
      "string"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      getMockQuadWithLiteralFor("https://some.vocab/predicate", "42", "integer")
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getIntegerAll(thingWithDifferentDatatypes, "https://some.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([42]);
  });

  it("returns an empty array if no integer values were found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const thingWithInteger = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getIntegerAll(thingWithInteger, "https://some-other.vocab/predicate")
    ).toEqual([]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getIntegerAll(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getIntegerAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getIntegerAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getStringWithLocale", () => {
  it("returns the string value for the given Predicate in the given locale", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);
    const thingWithLocaleString = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithLocaleString,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toBe("Some value");
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);
    const thingWithLocaleString = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithLocaleString,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toBe("Some value");
  });

  it("supports matching locales with different casing", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);
    const thingWithLocaleString = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithLocaleString,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "NL-nL"
      )
    ).toBe("Some value");
  });

  it("returns null if no locale string value was found", () => {
    const thingWithoutStringNoLocale = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithoutStringNoLocale,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("returns null if no locale string with the requested locale was found", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);
    const thingWithDifferentLocaleString = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithDifferentLocaleString,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "en-GB"
      )
    ).toBeNull();
    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithDifferentLocaleString,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "nl"
      )
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("does not return non-locale-string values", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quadWithLocaleString = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thingWithDifferentDatatypes = getMockThingWithLiteralFor(
      "https://some.vocab/predicate",
      "42",
      "integer"
    );
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(quadWithLocaleString);
    thingWithDifferentDatatypes.add(
      DataFactory.quad(
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/object")
      )
    );

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithDifferentDatatypes,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toBe("Some value");
  });

  it("returns null if no locale string was found for the given Predicate", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Arbitrary value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad);
    const thingWithLocaleString = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocale(
        thingWithLocaleString,
        "https://some-other.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toBeNull();
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getStringWithLocale(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getStringWithLocale(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getStringWithLocale(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url",
        "nl-NL"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getStringByLocaleAll", () => {
  it("returns all the string values for the given Predicate keyed by their locale", () => {
    const thing = dataset()
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 1", "en"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 2", "en"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 3", "fr"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 4", "es"));

    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: SUBJECT,
    });

    expect(
      Array.from(getStringByLocaleAll(thingWithLocaleStrings, PREDICATE))
    ).toEqual([
      ["en", ["value 1", "value 2"]],
      ["fr", ["value 3"]],
      ["es", ["value 4"]],
    ]);
  });

  it("excludes non-language string values", () => {
    const thing = dataset()
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 1", "fr"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 2"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 3", "es"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 4"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 5", "es"));

    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: SUBJECT,
    });

    expect(
      Array.from(getStringByLocaleAll(thingWithLocaleStrings, PREDICATE))
    ).toEqual([
      ["fr", ["value 1"]],
      ["es", ["value 3", "value 5"]],
    ]);
  });

  it("allows empty language tags - literal is still an rdf:langString", () => {
    const thing = dataset()
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "chien", "fr"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "dog", ""));

    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: SUBJECT,
    });

    // An empty language tag is valid, and even in Turtle should be serialized
    // as an rdf:langString, e.g.:
    //  <SUBJECT> <PREDICATE> "chien"@fr .
    //  <SUBJECT> <PREDICATE> "dog"^^rdf:langString .
    expect(
      Array.from(getStringByLocaleAll(thingWithLocaleStrings, PREDICATE))
    ).toEqual([
      ["fr", ["chien"]],
      ["", ["dog"]],
    ]);
  });

  it("ignores non-string literals...", () => {
    const thing = dataset()
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 1", "fr"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 2"))
      .add(
        makeQuad(
          SUBJECT,
          PREDICATE,
          "99.999",
          DataFactory.namedNode(xmlSchemaTypes.decimal)
        )
      );

    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: SUBJECT,
    });

    expect(
      Array.from(getStringByLocaleAll(thingWithLocaleStrings, PREDICATE))
    ).toEqual([["fr", ["value 1"]]]);
  });

  it("throws an error when passed something other than a Thing", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getStringByLocaleAll(
        (null as unknown) as Thing,
        "https://arbitrary.vocab/predicate"
      )
    ).toThrow("Expected a Thing, but received: [null].");
  });

  it("throws an error when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    expect(() =>
      getStringByLocaleAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      )
    ).toThrow(
      "Expected a valid URL to identify a property, but received: [not-a-url]."
    );
  });

  it("throws an instance of ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError when passed an invalid property URL", () => {
    let thrownError;

    try {
      getStringByLocaleAll(
        mockThingFrom("https://arbitrary.pod/resource#thing"),
        "not-a-url"
      );
    } catch (e) {
      thrownError = e;
    }
    expect(thrownError).toBeInstanceOf(ValidPropertyUrlExpectedError);
  });
});

describe("getStringWithLocaleAll", () => {
  it("treats empty-string locale literally - i.e. only returns values added with an empty language tag", () => {
    const thing = dataset()
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 1"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 2", "fr"))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 3", ""))
      .add(makeQuad(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, "value 4", "es"));

    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: SUBJECT,
    });

    // TODO: Not sure this RDF-spec compliant - need to double check, but
    //  according to https://w3c.github.io/rdf-dir-literal/langString.html#literals
    //  it seems language tags *must* be non-empty...
    expect(
      Array.from(getStringWithLocaleAll(thingWithLocaleStrings, PREDICATE, ""))
    ).toEqual(["value 3"]);
  });

  it("returns the string values for the given Predicate in the given locale", () => {
    const literalWithLocale1 = DataFactory.literal("Some value 1", "nl-NL");
    const quad1 = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale1
    );
    const literalWithLocale2 = DataFactory.literal("Some value 2", "nl-NL");
    const quad2 = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale2
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad1);
    thing.add(quad2);
    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocaleAll(
        thingWithLocaleStrings,
        "https://some.vocab/predicate",
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toEqual(["Some value 1", "Some value 2"]);
  });

  it("accepts Properties as Named Nodes", () => {
    const literalWithLocale1 = DataFactory.literal("Some value 1", "nl-NL");
    const quad1 = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale1
    );
    const literalWithLocale2 = DataFactory.literal("Some value 2", "nl-NL");
    const quad2 = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subject"),
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
      literalWithLocale2
    );
    const thing = dataset();
    thing.add(quad1);
    thing.add(quad2);
    const thingWithLocaleStrings = Object.assign(thing, {
      internal_url: "https://arbitrary.vocab/subject",
    });

    expect(
      getStringWithLocaleAll(
        thingWithLocaleStrings,
        DataFactory.namedNode("https://some.vocab/predicate"),
        "nl-NL"
      )
    ).toEqual(["Some value 1", "Some value 2"]);
  });

  it("supports matching locales with different casing", () => {
    const literalWithLocale = DataFactory.literal("Some value", "nl-NL");
    const quad = DataFactory.quad(
      DataFactory.namedNode("https://arbitrary.vocab/subjec