@clduab11/gemini-flow/src/protocols/a2a/security/attack-simulation.ts

Revolutionary AI agent swarm coordination platform with Google Services integration, multimedia processing, and production-ready monitoring. Features 8 Google AI services, quantum computing capabilities, and enterprise-grade security.

/**
 * Attack Simulation Framework for A2A Protocol Security Testing
 *
 * Implements comprehensive attack simulation and testing framework
 * to validate the security and resilience of the A2A protocol
 * against various malicious behaviors and attack vectors.
 *
 * Features:
 * - Byzantine fault injection and simulation
 * - Sybil attack simulation with identity spoofing
 * - Eclipse attack network isolation testing
 * - DDoS and flooding attack scenarios
 * - Message tampering and replay attacks
 * - Consensus manipulation and disruption
 * - Performance degradation under attack
 * - Recovery and resilience testing
 */

import { EventEmitter } from "events";
import crypto from "crypto";
import { Logger } from "../../../utils/logger.js";
import { A2AMessage, A2AIdentity } from "../../../core/a2a-security-manager.js";
import {
  MaliciousAgentDetector,
  BehaviorProfile,
} from "./malicious-detection.js";
import { ReputationSystem, ReputationScore } from "./reputation-system.js";
import { QuarantineRecoveryManager } from "./quarantine-recovery.js";

export interface AttackScenario {
  scenarioId: string;
  name: string;
  description: string;
  attackType:
    | "byzantine"
    | "sybil"
    | "eclipse"
    | "ddos"
    | "replay"
    | "tampering"
    | "consensus_disruption";
  severity: "low" | "medium" | "high" | "critical";

  // Attack parameters
  parameters: {
    attackerCount: number; // Number of malicious agents
    targetAgents: string[]; // Target agent IDs
    duration: number; // Attack duration (ms)
    intensity: number; // Attack intensity (0-1)
    sophistication: number; // Attack sophistication (0-1)
  };

  // Attack configuration
  config: {
    stealthy: boolean; // Whether attack tries to avoid detection
    coordinated: boolean; // Whether attackers coordinate
    adaptive: boolean; // Whether attack adapts to defenses
    persistent: boolean; // Whether attack persists after detection
  };

  // Expected outcomes
  expectedOutcomes: {
    detectionTime: number; // Expected detection time (ms)
    damageLevel: number; // Expected damage level (0-1)
    recoveryTime: number; // Expected recovery time (ms)
    systemImpact: number; // Expected system impact (0-1)
  };

  // Success criteria
  successCriteria: {
    detectionRequired: boolean;
    quarantineRequired: boolean;
    maxDetectionTime: number;
    maxDamageLevel: number;
    maxRecoveryTime: number;
  };
}

export interface AttackAgent {
  agentId: string;
  realAgentId?: string; // For Sybil attacks
  attackType: string;
  behavior: AttackBehavior;
  capabilities: string[];
  isActive: boolean;

  // Attack state
  state: {
    phase: "preparing" | "attacking" | "detected" | "quarantined" | "stopped";
    startTime: Date;
    messagesSent: number;
    detectionsReceived: number;
    quarantineAttempts: number;
  };

  // Stealth configuration
  stealth: {
    enabled: boolean;
    mimicTarget?: string; // Agent to mimic behavior
    randomization: number; // Randomization factor (0-1)
    camouflageLevel: number; // Camouflage sophistication (0-1)
  };
}

export interface AttackBehavior {
  behaviorId: string;
  name: string;

  // Message patterns
  messagePattern: {
    frequency: number; // Messages per minute
    burstiness: number; // Burst pattern intensity
    targets: "random" | "specific" | "flooding";
    payloadSize: "normal" | "oversized" | "random";
    messageTypes: string[];
  };

  // Protocol violations
  protocolViolations: {
    invalidSignatures: number; // Rate of invalid signatures (0-1)
    nonceReuse: number; // Rate of nonce reuse (0-1)
    timestampManipulation: number; // Rate of timestamp manipulation (0-1)
    capabilityViolations: number; // Rate of capability violations (0-1)
  };

  // Consensus behavior
  consensusBehavior: {
    participation: number; // Participation rate (0-1)
    agreement: number; // Agreement rate with majority (0-1)
    delayResponses: boolean; // Whether to delay consensus responses
    conflictingProposals: boolean; // Whether to send conflicting proposals
    viewChangeManipulation: boolean; // Whether to manipulate view changes
  };

  // Network behavior
  networkBehavior: {
    dropMessages: number; // Rate of message dropping (0-1)
    delayMessages: number; // Average message delay (ms)
    duplicateMessages: number; // Rate of message duplication (0-1)
    routingManipulation: boolean; // Whether to manipulate routing
  };
}

export interface AttackSimulationResult {
  simulationId: string;
  scenarioId: string;
  startTime: Date;
  endTime: Date;
  duration: number;

  // Attack execution
  attackersDeployed: number;
  messagesGenerated: number;
  protocolViolations: number;
  networkDisruptions: number;

  // Detection results
  detection: {
    detectionTime: number; // Time to first detection (ms)
    detectionAccuracy: number; // Accuracy of detection (0-1)
    falsePositives: number; // Number of false positives
    detectedAttackers: string[]; // IDs of detected attackers
    detectionMethods: string[]; // Methods that detected attacks
  };

  // System response
  response: {
    quarantineTime: number; // Time to quarantine (ms)
    quarantinedAgents: string[]; // IDs of quarantined agents
    recoveryTime: number; // Time to system recovery (ms)
    systemDowntime: number; // Total system downtime (ms)
  };

  // Impact assessment
  impact: {
    consensusDisruption: number; // Consensus disruption level (0-1)
    performanceDegradation: number; // Performance impact (0-1)
    networkFragmentation: number; // Network fragmentation (0-1)
    dataIntegrityImpact: number; // Data integrity impact (0-1)
  };

  // Success evaluation
  success: {
    attackSuccessful: boolean; // Whether attack achieved its goals
    defenseEffective: boolean; // Whether defenses were effective
    meetsCriteria: boolean; // Whether results meet success criteria
    score: number; // Overall success score (0-1)
  };

  // Performance metrics
  metrics: {
    systemThroughput: number; // Messages per second during attack
    systemLatency: number; // Average latency during attack
    resourceUsage: number; // Resource usage during attack
    networkHealth: number; // Network health score (0-1)
  };

  logs: AttackSimulationLog[];
}

export interface AttackSimulationLog {
  timestamp: Date;
  level: "info" | "warning" | "error" | "critical";
  source: string;
  event: string;
  details: any;
}

export class AttackSimulationFramework extends EventEmitter {
  private logger: Logger;
  private attackScenarios: Map<string, AttackScenario> = new Map();
  private attackAgents: Map<string, AttackAgent> = new Map();
  private activeSimulations: Map<string, AttackSimulationResult> = new Map();
  private simulationHistory: AttackSimulationResult[] = [];

  // Security system components
  private maliciousDetector: MaliciousAgentDetector;
  private reputationSystem: ReputationSystem;
  private quarantineManager: QuarantineRecoveryManager;

  // Simulation state
  private isRunning: boolean = false;
  private currentSimulation?: AttackSimulationResult;
  private simulationTimer?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;

  // Configuration
  private config = {
    simulation: {
      maxConcurrentAttackers: 100,
      maxSimulationDuration: 3600000, // 1 hour
      logLevel: "info" as const,
      realTimeMonitoring: true,
      autoRecovery: true,
    },

    detection: {
      enableRealTimeDetection: true,
      detectionInterval: 5000, // 5 seconds
      alertThreshold: 0.7,
      quarantineThreshold: 0.8,
    },

    metrics: {
      collectDetailedMetrics: true,
      metricsInterval: 10000, // 10 seconds
      performanceBaseline: true,
      resourceMonitoring: true,
    },
  };

  constructor(
    maliciousDetector: MaliciousAgentDetector,
    reputationSystem: ReputationSystem,
    quarantineManager: QuarantineRecoveryManager,
  ) {
    super();
    this.logger = new Logger("AttackSimulationFramework");

    this.maliciousDetector = maliciousDetector;
    this.reputationSystem = reputationSystem;
    this.quarantineManager = quarantineManager;

    this.initializeAttackScenarios();
    this.setupEventListeners();

    this.logger.info("Attack Simulation Framework initialized", {
      scenarios: this.attackScenarios.size,
      features: [
        "byzantine-simulation",
        "sybil-attacks",
        "eclipse-attacks",
        "ddos-simulation",
        "consensus-disruption",
        "performance-testing",
      ],
    });
  }

  /**
   * Initialize predefined attack scenarios
   */
  private initializeAttackScenarios(): void {
    // Byzantine Fault Injection
    this.attackScenarios.set("byzantine-basic", {
      scenarioId: "byzantine-basic",
      name: "Basic Byzantine Fault Injection",
      description:
        "Inject Byzantine faults with conflicting messages and proposals",
      attackType: "byzantine",
      severity: "high",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 3,
        targetAgents: [],
        duration: 600000, // 10 minutes
        intensity: 0.7,
        sophistication: 0.5,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: false,
        coordinated: true,
        adaptive: false,
        persistent: true,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 30000, // 30 seconds
        damageLevel: 0.3,
        recoveryTime: 120000, // 2 minutes
        systemImpact: 0.4,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 60000, // 1 minute
        maxDamageLevel: 0.5,
        maxRecoveryTime: 300000, // 5 minutes
      },
    });

    // Sybil Attack
    this.attackScenarios.set("sybil-coordinated", {
      scenarioId: "sybil-coordinated",
      name: "Coordinated Sybil Attack",
      description:
        "Multiple fake identities coordinating to manipulate consensus",
      attackType: "sybil",
      severity: "critical",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 10,
        targetAgents: [],
        duration: 900000, // 15 minutes
        intensity: 0.8,
        sophistication: 0.8,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: true,
        coordinated: true,
        adaptive: true,
        persistent: true,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 120000, // 2 minutes
        damageLevel: 0.6,
        recoveryTime: 300000, // 5 minutes
        systemImpact: 0.7,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 180000, // 3 minutes
        maxDamageLevel: 0.8,
        maxRecoveryTime: 600000, // 10 minutes
      },
    });

    // Eclipse Attack
    this.attackScenarios.set("eclipse-isolation", {
      scenarioId: "eclipse-isolation",
      name: "Eclipse Attack Network Isolation",
      description: "Isolate target agents from the rest of the network",
      attackType: "eclipse",
      severity: "high",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 5,
        targetAgents: ["target-agent-1", "target-agent-2"],
        duration: 1200000, // 20 minutes
        intensity: 0.9,
        sophistication: 0.7,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: true,
        coordinated: true,
        adaptive: false,
        persistent: true,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 180000, // 3 minutes
        damageLevel: 0.5,
        recoveryTime: 240000, // 4 minutes
        systemImpact: 0.6,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 300000, // 5 minutes
        maxDamageLevel: 0.7,
        maxRecoveryTime: 600000, // 10 minutes
      },
    });

    // DDoS Flooding Attack
    this.attackScenarios.set("ddos-flooding", {
      scenarioId: "ddos-flooding",
      name: "DDoS Message Flooding Attack",
      description: "Overwhelm the network with excessive message volume",
      attackType: "ddos",
      severity: "high",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 7,
        targetAgents: [],
        duration: 300000, // 5 minutes
        intensity: 1.0,
        sophistication: 0.3,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: false,
        coordinated: true,
        adaptive: false,
        persistent: false,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 15000, // 15 seconds
        damageLevel: 0.4,
        recoveryTime: 60000, // 1 minute
        systemImpact: 0.8,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 30000, // 30 seconds
        maxDamageLevel: 0.6,
        maxRecoveryTime: 120000, // 2 minutes
      },
    });

    // Message Tampering Attack
    this.attackScenarios.set("message-tampering", {
      scenarioId: "message-tampering",
      name: "Message Tampering and Replay Attack",
      description: "Tamper with and replay messages to disrupt consensus",
      attackType: "tampering",
      severity: "medium",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 4,
        targetAgents: [],
        duration: 450000, // 7.5 minutes
        intensity: 0.6,
        sophistication: 0.6,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: true,
        coordinated: false,
        adaptive: true,
        persistent: true,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 45000, // 45 seconds
        damageLevel: 0.3,
        recoveryTime: 90000, // 1.5 minutes
        systemImpact: 0.4,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 90000, // 1.5 minutes
        maxDamageLevel: 0.5,
        maxRecoveryTime: 180000, // 3 minutes
      },
    });

    // Consensus Disruption Attack
    this.attackScenarios.set("consensus-disruption", {
      scenarioId: "consensus-disruption",
      name: "Consensus Protocol Disruption",
      description:
        "Disrupt consensus by manipulating view changes and proposals",
      attackType: "consensus_disruption",
      severity: "critical",
      parameters: {
        attackerCount: 6,
        targetAgents: [],
        duration: 1800000, // 30 minutes
        intensity: 0.8,
        sophistication: 0.9,
      },
      config: {
        stealthy: true,
        coordinated: true,
        adaptive: true,
        persistent: true,
      },
      expectedOutcomes: {
        detectionTime: 90000, // 1.5 minutes
        damageLevel: 0.7,
        recoveryTime: 360000, // 6 minutes
        systemImpact: 0.8,
      },
      successCriteria: {
        detectionRequired: true,
        quarantineRequired: true,
        maxDetectionTime: 180000, // 3 minutes
        maxDamageLevel: 0.9,
        maxRecoveryTime: 600000, // 10 minutes
      },
    });
  }

  /**
   * Setup event listeners for security components
   */
  private setupEventListeners(): void {
    this.maliciousDetector.on("agent_quarantined", (event) => {
      this.handleDetectionEvent("quarantine", event);
    });

    this.maliciousDetector.on("consensus_detection_request", (event) => {
      this.handleDetectionEvent("consensus_detection", event);
    });

    this.reputationSystem.on("reputation_event", (event) => {
      this.handleReputationEvent(event);
    });

    this.quarantineManager.on("agent_quarantined", (event) => {
      this.handleQuarantineEvent("agent_quarantined", event);
    });

    this.quarantineManager.on("agent_recovered", (event) => {
      this.handleQuarantineEvent("agent_recovered", event);
    });
  }

  /**
   * Run attack simulation
   */
  async runSimulation(
    scenarioId: string,
    customConfig?: Partial<AttackScenario>,
  ): Promise<AttackSimulationResult> {
    if (this.isRunning) {
      throw new Error("Simulation already running");
    }

    const scenario = this.attackScenarios.get(scenarioId);
    if (!scenario) {
      throw new Error(`Attack scenario not found: ${scenarioId}`);
    }

    // Merge custom configuration
    const finalScenario = customConfig
      ? { ...scenario, ...customConfig }
      : scenario;

    const simulation: AttackSimulationResult = {
      simulationId: crypto.randomUUID(),
      scenarioId,
      startTime: new Date(),
      endTime: new Date(),
      duration: 0,
      attackersDeployed: 0,
      messagesGenerated: 0,
      protocolViolations: 0,
      networkDisruptions: 0,
      detection: {
        detectionTime: 0,
        detectionAccuracy: 0,
        falsePositives: 0,
        detectedAttackers: [],
        detectionMethods: [],
      },
      response: {
        quarantineTime: 0,
        quarantinedAgents: [],
        recoveryTime: 0,
        systemDowntime: 0,
      },
      impact: {
        consensusDisruption: 0,
        performanceDegradation: 0,
        networkFragmentation: 0,
        dataIntegrityImpact: 0,
      },
      success: {
        attackSuccessful: false,
        defenseEffective: false,
        meetsCriteria: false,
        score: 0,
      },
      metrics: {
        systemThroughput: 0,
        systemLatency: 0,
        resourceUsage: 0,
        networkHealth: 1.0,
      },
      logs: [],
    };

    this.currentSimulation = simulation;
    this.activeSimulations.set(simulation.simulationId, simulation);
    this.isRunning = true;

    try {
      this.logger.info("Starting attack simulation", {
        simulationId: simulation.simulationId,
        scenario: finalScenario.name,
        duration: finalScenario.parameters.duration,
        attackers: finalScenario.parameters.attackerCount,
      });

      this.addSimulationLog("info", "simulation", "simulation_started", {
        scenarioId,
        attackerCount: finalScenario.parameters.attackerCount,
      });

      // Deploy attack agents
      await this.deployAttackAgents(finalScenario, simulation);

      // Start attack execution
      await this.executeAttack(finalScenario, simulation);

      // Monitor and collect metrics
      await this.monitorSimulation(finalScenario, simulation);

      // Wait for simulation duration
      await this.waitForSimulationCompletion(finalScenario.parameters.duration);

      // Stop attack and cleanup
      await this.stopAttackAgents(simulation);

      // Analyze results
      await this.analyzeSimulationResults(finalScenario, simulation);

      simulation.endTime = new Date();
      simulation.duration =
        simulation.endTime.getTime() - simulation.startTime.getTime();

      this.logger.info("Attack simulation completed", {
        simulationId: simulation.simulationId,
        duration: simulation.duration,
        attackersDeployed: simulation.attackersDeployed,
        detectionTime: simulation.detection.detectionTime,
        quarantineTime: simulation.response.quarantineTime,
      });

      this.addSimulationLog("info", "simulation", "simulation_completed", {
        duration: simulation.duration,
        success: simulation.success,
      });
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error("Simulation failed", {
        simulationId: simulation.simulationId,
        error,
      });

      this.addSimulationLog("error", "simulation", "simulation_failed", {
        error: error.message,
      });

      throw error;
    } finally {
      this.isRunning = false;
      this.currentSimulation = undefined;

      // Add to history
      this.simulationHistory.push(simulation);

      // Limit history size
      if (this.simulationHistory.length > 1000) {
        this.simulationHistory = this.simulationHistory.slice(-500);
      }
    }

    this.emit("simulation_completed", simulation);
    return simulation;
  }

  /**
   * Deploy attack agents for simulation
   */
  private async deployAttackAgents(
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const attackBehaviors = this.generateAttackBehaviors(scenario);

    for (let i = 0; i < scenario.parameters.attackerCount; i++) {
      const attackAgent: AttackAgent = {
        agentId: `attacker-${scenario.scenarioId}-${i}`,
        attackType: scenario.attackType,
        behavior: attackBehaviors[i % attackBehaviors.length],
        capabilities: this.generateAttackerCapabilities(scenario),
        isActive: false,
        state: {
          phase: "preparing",
          startTime: new Date(),
          messagesSent: 0,
          detectionsReceived: 0,
          quarantineAttempts: 0,
        },
        stealth: {
          enabled: scenario.config.stealthy,
          randomization: scenario.parameters.sophistication,
          camouflageLevel: scenario.config.stealthy
            ? scenario.parameters.sophistication
            : 0,
        },
      };

      // For Sybil attacks, create fake identities
      if (scenario.attackType === "sybil") {
        attackAgent.realAgentId = `real-agent-${i}`;
      }

      this.attackAgents.set(attackAgent.agentId, attackAgent);
      simulation.attackersDeployed++;
    }

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "deployment", "attackers_deployed", {
      count: simulation.attackersDeployed,
      type: scenario.attackType,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Execute the attack simulation
   */
  private async executeAttack(
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Activate all attack agents
    for (const [agentId, agent] of this.attackAgents) {
      if (agent.attackType === scenario.attackType) {
        agent.isActive = true;
        agent.state.phase = "attacking";

        // Start attack behavior based on type
        await this.startAttackBehavior(agent, scenario, simulation);
      }
    }

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "execution", "attack_started", {
      activeAttackers: Array.from(this.attackAgents.values()).filter(
        (a) => a.isActive,
      ).length,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Start specific attack behavior for an agent
   */
  private async startAttackBehavior(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    switch (scenario.attackType) {
      case "byzantine":
        await this.startByzantineAttack(agent, simulation);
        break;
      case "sybil":
        await this.startSybilAttack(agent, simulation);
        break;
      case "eclipse":
        await this.startEclipseAttack(agent, scenario, simulation);
        break;
      case "ddos":
        await this.startDDoSAttack(agent, simulation);
        break;
      case "tampering":
        await this.startTamperingAttack(agent, simulation);
        break;
      case "consensus_disruption":
        await this.startConsensusDisruption(agent, simulation);
        break;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Byzantine attack behavior
   */
  private async startByzantineAttack(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const behavior = agent.behavior;

    // Send conflicting messages
    const sendConflictingMessages = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      // Generate conflicting proposals
      const message1 = this.createMaliciousMessage(
        agent.agentId,
        "proposal_a",
        { value: "A" },
      );
      const message2 = this.createMaliciousMessage(
        agent.agentId,
        "proposal_b",
        { value: "B" },
      );

      // Send to different subsets of the network
      await this.sendMaliciousMessage(message1, simulation);
      await this.sendMaliciousMessage(message2, simulation);

      agent.state.messagesSent += 2;
      simulation.protocolViolations++;

      // Schedule next round
      setTimeout(sendConflictingMessages, 5000 + Math.random() * 5000);
    };

    // Start sending conflicting messages
    sendConflictingMessages();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "byzantine_attack_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Sybil attack behavior
   */
  private async startSybilAttack(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Create multiple fake identities
    const fakeIdentities = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      fakeIdentities.push(`${agent.agentId}-fake-${i}`);
    }

    // Coordinate voting behavior across fake identities
    const coordinatedVoting = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      for (const fakeId of fakeIdentities) {
        const vote = this.createMaliciousMessage(fakeId, "vote", {
          proposal: "malicious_proposal",
          vote: "agree",
        });

        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(vote, simulation);
        agent.state.messagesSent++;
      }

      simulation.protocolViolations++;

      // Schedule next voting round
      setTimeout(coordinatedVoting, 10000 + Math.random() * 10000);
    };

    coordinatedVoting();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "sybil_attack_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
      fakeIdentities: fakeIdentities.length,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Eclipse attack behavior
   */
  private async startEclipseAttack(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const targetAgents = scenario.parameters.targetAgents;

    // Monopolize connections to target agents
    const eclipseTargets = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      for (const targetId of targetAgents) {
        // Send exclusive connection requests
        const connectionMsg = this.createMaliciousMessage(
          agent.agentId,
          "connection_request",
          {
            target: targetId,
            exclusive: true,
          },
        );

        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(connectionMsg, simulation);
        agent.state.messagesSent++;

        // Drop messages from other agents to target
        simulation.networkDisruptions++;
      }

      setTimeout(eclipseTargets, 3000);
    };

    eclipseTargets();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "eclipse_attack_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
      targets: targetAgents,
    });
  }

  /**
   * DDoS attack behavior
   */
  private async startDDoSAttack(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const behavior = agent.behavior;

    // Flood network with messages
    const floodMessages = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      // Send burst of messages
      const burstSize = Math.floor(
        behavior.messagePattern.frequency * behavior.messagePattern.burstiness,
      );

      for (let i = 0; i < burstSize; i++) {
        const floodMsg = this.createMaliciousMessage(agent.agentId, "flood", {
          data: "x".repeat(
            behavior.messagePattern.payloadSize === "oversized" ? 10000 : 100,
          ),
        });

        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(floodMsg, simulation);
        agent.state.messagesSent++;
      }

      simulation.messagesGenerated += burstSize;

      // Continue flooding
      setTimeout(floodMessages, 1000);
    };

    floodMessages();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "ddos_attack_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
      frequency: behavior.messagePattern.frequency,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Message tampering attack behavior
   */
  private async startTamperingAttack(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const behavior = agent.behavior;

    // Tamper with and replay messages
    const tamperMessages = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      // Create tampered message
      const tamperedMsg = this.createMaliciousMessage(
        agent.agentId,
        "tampered",
        {
          originalHash: "fake_hash",
          tamperedData: "modified_content",
        },
      );

      // Introduce protocol violations
      if (Math.random() < behavior.protocolViolations.invalidSignatures) {
        tamperedMsg.signature = "invalid_signature";
        simulation.protocolViolations++;
      }

      if (Math.random() < behavior.protocolViolations.nonceReuse) {
        tamperedMsg.nonce = "reused_nonce";
        simulation.protocolViolations++;
      }

      await this.sendMaliciousMessage(tamperedMsg, simulation);
      agent.state.messagesSent++;

      setTimeout(tamperMessages, 2000 + Math.random() * 3000);
    };

    tamperMessages();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "tampering_attack_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Consensus disruption attack behavior
   */
  private async startConsensusDisruption(
    agent: AttackAgent,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const behavior = agent.behavior;

    // Disrupt consensus process
    const disruptConsensus = async () => {
      if (!agent.isActive) return;

      if (behavior.consensusBehavior.conflictingProposals) {
        // Send conflicting proposals
        const proposal1 = this.createMaliciousMessage(
          agent.agentId,
          "proposal",
          { value: "X" },
        );
        const proposal2 = this.createMaliciousMessage(
          agent.agentId,
          "proposal",
          { value: "Y" },
        );

        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(proposal1, simulation);
        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(proposal2, simulation);

        simulation.protocolViolations++;
      }

      if (behavior.consensusBehavior.viewChangeManipulation) {
        // Trigger unnecessary view changes
        const viewChange = this.createMaliciousMessage(
          agent.agentId,
          "view_change",
          {
            reason: "artificial_delay",
          },
        );

        await this.sendMaliciousMessage(viewChange, simulation);
        simulation.protocolViolations++;
      }

      agent.state.messagesSent += 2;

      setTimeout(disruptConsensus, 8000 + Math.random() * 4000);
    };

    disruptConsensus();

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "attack", "consensus_disruption_started", {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Monitor simulation progress and collect metrics
   */
  private async monitorSimulation(
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    const monitoringInterval = setInterval(async () => {
      if (!this.isRunning) {
        clearInterval(monitoringInterval);
        return;
      }

      // Update metrics
      await this.updateSimulationMetrics(simulation);

      // Check for detection events
      await this.checkDetectionEvents(simulation);

      // Update impact assessment
      await this.updateImpactAssessment(simulation);
    }, this.config.metrics.metricsInterval);

    // Store interval reference for cleanup
    this.simulationTimer = monitoringInterval;
  }

  /**
   * Helper methods
   */

  private generateAttackBehaviors(scenario: AttackScenario): AttackBehavior[] {
    const behaviors: AttackBehavior[] = [];

    const baseBehavior: AttackBehavior = {
      behaviorId: crypto.randomUUID(),
      name: `${scenario.attackType}_behavior`,
      messagePattern: {
        frequency: 100 * scenario.parameters.intensity,
        burstiness: scenario.parameters.sophistication,
        targets: scenario.attackType === "ddos" ? "flooding" : "random",
        payloadSize: scenario.attackType === "ddos" ? "oversized" : "normal",
        messageTypes: ["request", "response", "proposal"],
      },
      protocolViolations: {
        invalidSignatures: scenario.parameters.intensity * 0.3,
        nonceReuse: scenario.parameters.intensity * 0.2,
        timestampManipulation: scenario.parameters.intensity * 0.1,
        capabilityViolations: scenario.parameters.intensity * 0.4,
      },
      consensusBehavior: {
        participation:
          scenario.attackType === "consensus_disruption" ? 0.9 : 0.3,
        agreement: scenario.attackType === "byzantine" ? 0.1 : 0.5,
        delayResponses: scenario.config.stealthy,
        conflictingProposals:
          scenario.attackType === "byzantine" ||
          scenario.attackType === "consensus_disruption",
        viewChangeManipulation: scenario.attackType === "consensus_disruption",
      },
      networkBehavior: {
        dropMessages: scenario.attackType === "eclipse" ? 0.8 : 0.1,
        delayMessages: scenario.parameters.sophistication * 1000,
        duplicateMessages: scenario.attackType === "tampering" ? 0.3 : 0.1,
        routingManipulation: scenario.attackType === "eclipse",
      },
    };

    // Create variations for different attackers
    for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(5, scenario.parameters.attackerCount); i++) {
      const variation = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(baseBehavior));
      variation.behaviorId = crypto.randomUUID();
      variation.messagePattern.frequency *= 0.8 + Math.random() * 0.4;
      behaviors.push(variation);
    }

    return behaviors;
  }

  private generateAttackerCapabilities(scenario: AttackScenario): string[] {
    const baseCapabilities = ["read", "status"];

    if (scenario.parameters.sophistication > 0.5) {
      baseCapabilities.push("execute", "query");
    }

    if (scenario.parameters.sophistication > 0.7) {
      baseCapabilities.push("admin", "configure");
    }

    return baseCapabilities;
  }

  private createMaliciousMessage(
    fromAgentId: string,
    type: string,
    payload: any,
  ): A2AMessage {
    return {
      id: crypto.randomUUID(),
      from: fromAgentId,
      to: "broadcast",
      type: "request",
      payload,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      nonce: crypto.randomBytes(16).toString("hex"),
      signature: "malicious_signature",
      capabilities: [],
      metadata: {
        priority: "medium",
        correlationId: crypto.randomUUID(),
      },
    };
  }

  private async sendMaliciousMessage(
    message: A2AMessage,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Simulate sending message to network
    simulation.messagesGenerated++;

    // Record behavior for detection
    const agent = this.attackAgents.get(message.from);
    if (agent) {
      const behaviorProfile = this.createFakeBehaviorProfile(agent);
      await this.maliciousDetector.recordAgentBehavior(message.from, message, {
        agentId: message.from,
        agentType: "malicious",
        publicKey: "fake_key",
        certificates: { identity: "", tls: "", signing: "" },
        capabilities: agent.capabilities,
        trustLevel: "untrusted",
        metadata: {
          createdAt: new Date(),
          lastVerified: new Date(),
          version: "1.0.0",
        },
      });
    }

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "message", "malicious_message_sent", {
      from: message.from,
      type: message.type,
      payloadSize: JSON.stringify(message.payload).length,
    });
  }

  private createFakeBehaviorProfile(agent: AttackAgent): BehaviorProfile {
    return {
      agentId: agent.agentId,
      agentType: "malicious",
      establishedAt: agent.state.startTime,
      messageFrequency: {
        perMinute: agent.behavior.messagePattern.frequency,
        perHour: agent.behavior.messagePattern.frequency * 60,
        perDay: agent.behavior.messagePattern.frequency * 60 * 24,
        variance: agent.behavior.messagePattern.burstiness,
      },
      messagePatterns: {
        avgPayloadSize: 1000,
        messageTypes: new Map([["malicious", agent.state.messagesSent]]),
        targetDistribution: new Map([["broadcast", agent.state.messagesSent]]),
        timePatterns: [new Date().getHours()],
      },
      protocolCompliance: {
        signatureValidation:
          1 - agent.behavior.protocolViolations.invalidSignatures,
        nonceCompliance: 1 - agent.behavior.protocolViolations.nonceReuse,
        capabilityCompliance:
          1 - agent.behavior.protocolViolations.capabilityViolations,
        sequenceCompliance: 0.5,
      },
      consensusBehavior: {
        participationRate: agent.behavior.consensusBehavior.participation,
        agreementRate: agent.behavior.consensusBehavior.agreement,
        proposalQuality: 0.1,
        responseLatency: agent.behavior.networkBehavior.delayMessages,
        viewChangeRate: agent.behavior.consensusBehavior.viewChangeManipulation
          ? 0.8
          : 0.1,
      },
      networkBehavior: {
        connectionPatterns: new Map([["target", 10]]),
        routingBehavior: agent.behavior.networkBehavior.routingManipulation
          ? 0.3
          : 0.8,
        resourceUsage: 0.9,
        uplinkBandwidth: agent.state.messagesSent * 1000,
      },
      trustMetrics: {
        peerTrustScore: 0.1,
        behaviorScore: 0.2,
        reputationScore: 0.1,
        volatilityScore: 0.9,
      },
      anomalyIndicators: {
        totalAnomalies: agent.state.messagesSent,
        recentAnomalies: Math.min(10, agent.state.messagesSent),
        anomalyTypes: new Map([
          ["malicious_behavior", agent.state.messagesSent],
        ]),
        severityDistribution: new Map([["high", agent.state.messagesSent]]),
      },
    };
  }

  private async waitForSimulationCompletion(duration: number): Promise<void> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, duration);
    });
  }

  private async stopAttackAgents(
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    for (const [agentId, agent] of this.attackAgents) {
      if (agent.isActive) {
        agent.isActive = false;
        agent.state.phase = "stopped";
      }
    }

    if (this.simulationTimer) {
      clearTimeout(this.simulationTimer);
      this.simulationTimer = undefined;
    }

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "cleanup", "attack_agents_stopped", {
      stoppedCount: simulation.attackersDeployed,
    });
  }

  private async updateSimulationMetrics(
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Update system metrics during attack
    simulation.metrics.systemThroughput =
      simulation.messagesGenerated /
      ((Date.now() - simulation.startTime.getTime()) / 1000);
    simulation.metrics.systemLatency = 100 + simulation.protocolViolations * 10;
    simulation.metrics.resourceUsage = Math.min(
      1.0,
      simulation.messagesGenerated / 10000,
    );
    simulation.metrics.networkHealth = Math.max(
      0,
      1.0 - simulation.networkDisruptions / 100,
    );
  }

  private async checkDetectionEvents(
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Check if any attackers have been detected
    const detectedAttackers = Array.from(this.attackAgents.values())
      .filter((agent) => agent.state.detectionsReceived > 0)
      .map((agent) => agent.agentId);

    if (
      detectedAttackers.length > simulation.detection.detectedAttackers.length
    ) {
      const newDetections = detectedAttackers.filter(
        (id) => !simulation.detection.detectedAttackers.includes(id),
      );

      for (const agentId of newDetections) {
        if (simulation.detection.detectionTime === 0) {
          simulation.detection.detectionTime =
            Date.now() - simulation.startTime.getTime();
        }

        simulation.detection.detectedAttackers.push(agentId);

        this.addSimulationLog("warning", "detection", "attacker_detected", {
          agentId,
          detectionTime: simulation.detection.detectionTime,
        });
      }
    }
  }

  private async updateImpactAssessment(
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Calculate impact metrics
    simulation.impact.consensusDisruption = Math.min(
      1.0,
      simulation.protocolViolations / 100,
    );
    simulation.impact.performanceDegradation =
      1.0 - simulation.metrics.networkHealth;
    simulation.impact.networkFragmentation = Math.min(
      1.0,
      simulation.networkDisruptions / 50,
    );
    simulation.impact.dataIntegrityImpact = Math.min(
      1.0,
      simulation.protocolViolations / 200,
    );
  }

  private async analyzeSimulationResults(
    scenario: AttackScenario,
    simulation: AttackSimulationResult,
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Evaluate attack success
    simulation.success.attackSuccessful =
      simulation.impact.consensusDisruption > 0.3 ||
      simulation.impact.performanceDegradation > 0.5 ||
      simulation.detection.detectionTime >
        scenario.expectedOutcomes.detectionTime;

    // Evaluate defense effectiveness
    simulation.success.defenseEffective =
      simulation.detection.detectionTime <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxDetectionTime &&
      simulation.response.quarantineTime <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxRecoveryTime &&
      simulation.impact.consensusDisruption <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxDamageLevel;

    // Check success criteria
    simulation.success.meetsCriteria =
      (!scenario.successCriteria.detectionRequired ||
        simulation.detection.detectedAttackers.length > 0) &&
      (!scenario.successCriteria.quarantineRequired ||
        simulation.response.quarantinedAgents.length > 0) &&
      simulation.detection.detectionTime <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxDetectionTime &&
      simulation.impact.consensusDisruption <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxDamageLevel &&
      simulation.response.recoveryTime <=
        scenario.successCriteria.maxRecoveryTime;

    // Calculate overall score
    const detectionScore =
      simulation.detection.detectionTime <=
      scenario.successCriteria.maxDetectionTime
        ? 1
        : 0;
    const damageScore =
      simulation.impact.consensusDisruption <=
      scenario.successCriteria.maxDamageLevel
        ? 1
        : 0;
    const recoveryScore =
      simulation.response.recoveryTime <=
      scenario.successCriteria.maxRecoveryTime
        ? 1
        : 0;

    simulation.success.score =
      (detectionScore + damageScore + recoveryScore) / 3;

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "analysis", "results_analyzed", {
      attackSuccessful: simulation.success.attackSuccessful,
      defenseEffective: simulation.success.defenseEffective,
      score: simulation.success.score,
    });
  }

  private handleDetectionEvent(eventType: string, event: any): void {
    if (!this.currentSimulation) return;

    const simulation = this.currentSimulation;

    if (eventType === "quarantine") {
      const agentId = event.agentId;
      const agent = this.attackAgents.get(agentId);

      if (agent) {
        agent.state.detectionsReceived++;
        agent.state.quarantineAttempts++;

        if (simulation.response.quarantineTime === 0) {
          simulation.response.quarantineTime =
            Date.now() - simulation.startTime.getTime();
        }

        if (!simulation.response.quarantinedAgents.includes(agentId)) {
          simulation.response.quarantinedAgents.push(agentId);
        }

        this.addSimulationLog("warning", "response", "agent_quarantined", {
          agentId,
          quarantineTime: simulation.response.quarantineTime,
        });
      }
    }
  }

  private handleReputationEvent(event: any): void {
    if (!this.currentSimulation) return;

    this.addSimulationLog("info", "reputation", "reputation_event", {
      agentId: event.agentId,
      type: event.type,
      impact: event.impact,
    });
  }

  private handleQuarantineEvent(eventType: string, event: any): void {
    if (!this.currentSimulation) return;

    const simulation = this.currentSimulation;

    if (eventType === "agent_quarantined") {
      const agentId = event.agentId;

      if (simulation.response.recoveryTime === 0) {
        simulation.response.recoveryTime =
          Date.now() - simulation.startTime.getTime();
      }
    }
  }

  private addSimulationLog(
    level: "info" | "warning" | "error" | "critical",
    source: string,
    event: string,
    details: any,
  ): void {
    if (!this.currentSimulation) return;

    const log: AttackSimulationLog = {
      timestamp: new Date(),
      level,
      source,
      event,
      details,
    };

    this.currentSimulation.logs.push(log);

    // Limit log size
    if (this.currentSimulation.logs.length > 10000) {
      this.currentSimulation.logs = this.currentSimulation.logs.slice(-5000);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Public API methods
   */

  getAttackScenarios(): AttackScenario[] {
    return Array.from(this.attackScenarios.values());
  }

  getSimulationHistory(): AttackSimulationResult[] {
    return this.simulationHistory;
  }

  getActiveSimulation(): AttackSimulationResult | null {
    return this.currentSimulation || null;
  }

  async stopSimulation(): Promise<void> {
    if (this.isRunning && this.currentSimulation) {
      await this.stopAttackAgents(this.currentSimulation);
      this.isRunning = false;

      this.addSimulationLog("warning", "control", "simulation_stopped", {
        reason: "manual_stop",
      });
    }
  }

  async getSystemStats(): Promise<any> {
    return {
      totalScenarios: this.attackScenarios.size,
      simulationsRun: this.simulationHistory.length,
      currentlyRunning: this.isRunning,
      activeAttackers: Array.from(this.attackAgents.values()).filter(
        (a) => a.isActive,
      ).length,
      averageDetectionTime: this.calculateAverageDetectionTime(),
      successRate: this.calculateSuccessRate(),
      scenarioTypes: this.getScenarioTypeDistribution(),
    };
  }

  private calculateAverageDetectionTime(): number {
    const detectedSimulations = this.simulationHistory.filter(
      (s) => s.detection.detectionTime > 0,
    );
    if (detectedSimulations.length === 0) return 0;

    const totalTime = detectedSimulations.reduce(
      (sum, s) => sum + s.detection.detectionTime,
      0,
    );
    return totalTime / detectedSimulations.length;
  }

  private calculateSuccessRate(): number {
    if (this.simulationHistory.length === 0) return 0;

    const successfulSimulations = this.simulationHistory.filter(
      (s) => s.success.meetsCriteria,
    );
    return successfulSimulations.length / this.simulationHistory.length;
  }

  private getScenarioTypeDistribution(): Record<string, number> {
    const distribution: Record<string, number> = {};

    for (const scenario of this.attackScenarios.values()) {
      distribution[scenario.attackType] =
        (distribution[scenario.attackType] || 0) + 1;
    }

    return distribution;
  }
}

export {
  AttackSimulationFramework,
  AttackScenario,
  AttackAgent,
  AttackBehavior,
  AttackSimulationResult,
  AttackSimulationLog,
};