@cantoo/pdf-lib
Version:
Create and modify PDF files with JavaScript
1,454 lines (1,143 loc) • 72.3 kB
Markdown
## Forked by [Cantoo](https://cantoo.fr)
This fork adds the support for svg to the pdf-lib project. Until pdf-lib project gets a better maintainance, we will maintain this project as long as we need it but cannot guarantee the support for issues too far from our own roadmap.
Install with: `npm install @cantoo/pdf-lib`
<hr/>
<a href="https://pdf-lib.js.org">
<h1 align="center">
<img alt="pdf-lib" height="300" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Hopding/pdf-lib-docs/master/assets/logo-full.svg?sanitize=true">
</h1>
</a>
<div align="center">
<strong>Create and modify PDF documents in any JavaScript environment.</strong>
</div>
<div align="center">
Designed to work in any modern JavaScript runtime. Tested in Node, Browser, Deno, and React Native environments.
</div>
<br />
<div align="center">
<!-- NPM Version -->
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/pdf-lib">
<img
src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/pdf-lib.svg?style=flat-square"
alt="NPM Version"
/>
</a>
<!-- Build Status -->
<a href="https://circleci.com/gh/Hopding/pdf-lib">
<img
src="https://img.shields.io/circleci/project/github/Hopding/pdf-lib/master.svg?style=flat-square&label=CircleCI"
alt="CircleCI Build Status"
/>
</a>
<!-- Prettier Badge -->
<a href="https://prettier.io/">
<img
src="https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-prettier-ff69b4.svg?style=flat-square"
alt="Prettier Badge"
/>
</a>
<!-- Discord Badge -->
<a href="https://discord.gg/Y7uuVMc">
<img
src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=discord&message=pdf-lib&color=566fbb&style=flat-square"
alt="Discord Badge"
/>
</a>
</div>
<br />
> **Learn more at [pdf-lib.js.org](https://pdf-lib.js.org)**
## Table of Contents
- [Features](#features)
- [Motivation](#motivation)
- [Usage Examples](#usage-examples)
- [Create Document](#create-document)
- [Modify Document](#modify-document)
- [Incremental Document Modification](#incremental-document-modification)
- [Consecutive Incremental Updates](#consecutive-incremental-updates)
- [Create Form](#create-form)
- [Fill Form](#fill-form)
- [Flatten Form](#flatten-form)
- [Copy Pages](#copy-pages)
- [Embed PNG and JPEG Images](#embed-png-and-jpeg-images)
- [Embed PDF Pages](#embed-pdf-pages)
- [Embed Font and Measure Text](#embed-font-and-measure-text)
- [Add Attachments](#add-attachments)
- [Extract Attachments](#extract-attachments)
- [Set Document Metadata](#set-document-metadata)
- [Read Document Metadata](#read-document-metadata)
- [Set Viewer Preferences](#set-viewer-preferences)
- [Read Viewer Preferences](#read-viewer-preferences)
- [Draw SVG Paths](#draw-svg-paths)
- [Draw SVG](#draw-svg)
- [Deno Usage](#deno-usage)
- [Complete Examples](#complete-examples)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Fonts and Unicode](#fonts-and-unicode)
- [Creating and Filling Forms](#creating-and-filling-forms)
- [Limitations](#limitations)
- [Help and Discussion](#help-and-discussion)
- [Encryption Handling](#encryption-handling)
- [Migrating to v1.0.0](docs/MIGRATION.md)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [Maintainership](#maintainership)
- [Tutorials and Cool Stuff](#tutorials-and-cool-stuff)
- [Prior Art](#prior-art)
- [Git History Rewrite](#git-history-rewrite)
- [License](#license)
## Features
- Create new PDFs
- Modify existing PDFs
- Create forms
- Fill forms
- Flatten forms
- Add Pages
- Insert Pages
- Remove Pages
- Copy pages between PDFs
- Draw Text
- Draw Images
- Draw PDF Pages
- Draw Vector Graphics
- Draw SVG Paths
- Measure width and height of text
- Embed Fonts (supports UTF-8 and UTF-16 character sets)
- Set document metadata
- Read document metadata
- Set viewer preferences
- Read viewer preferences
- Add attachments
- Extract attachments
## Motivation
`pdf-lib` was created to address the JavaScript ecosystem's lack of robust support for PDF manipulation (especially for PDF _modification_).
Two of `pdf-lib`'s distinguishing features are:
1. Supporting modification (editing) of existing documents.
2. Working in all JavaScript environments - not just in Node or the Browser.
There are [other](#prior-art) good open source JavaScript PDF libraries available. However, most of them can only _create_ documents, they cannot _modify_ existing ones. And many of them only work in particular environments.
## Usage Examples
### Create Document
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/create_document.pdf)._
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/rxwsc8f5/13/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts, rgb } from 'pdf-lib'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Embed the Times Roman font
const timesRomanFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(StandardFonts.TimesRoman)
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
// Get the width and height of the page
const { width, height } = page.getSize()
// Draw a string of text toward the top of the page
const fontSize = 30
page.drawText('Creating PDFs in JavaScript is awesome!', {
x: 50,
y: height - 4 * fontSize,
size: fontSize,
font: timesRomanFont,
color: rgb(0, 0.53, 0.71),
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Modify Document
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/modify_document.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/with_update_sections.pdf) is used for the `existingPdfBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/64zajhge/1/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { degrees, PDFDocument, rgb, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes)
// Embed the Helvetica font
const helveticaFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(StandardFonts.Helvetica)
// Get the first page of the document
const pages = pdfDoc.getPages()
const firstPage = pages[0]
// Get the width and height of the first page
const { width, height } = firstPage.getSize()
// Draw a string of text diagonally across the first page
firstPage.drawText('This text was added with JavaScript!', {
x: 5,
y: height / 2 + 300,
size: 50,
font: helveticaFont,
color: rgb(0.95, 0.1, 0.1),
rotate: degrees(-45),
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Incremental Document Modification
You can load a PDF for incremental update, generating the original document plus the increment, on save. You can also handle incremental update manually.
The incremental modification saving is designed to be used for pdf signing. The signature is added to an existing page, then only the 'incremental' PDF is generated and concatenated to the initial version.
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/incremental_document_modification.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/simple.pdf) is used for the `existingPdfBytes` variable).
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes)
// Take a snapshot of the document
const snapshot = pdfDoc.takeSnapshot();
// Get the first page of the document
const pages = pdfDoc.getPages()
const firstPage = pages[0]
// Mark the page as modified
snapshot.markRefForSave(firstPage.ref)
// Draw a string of text diagonally across the first page
firstPage.drawText('Incremental saving is also awesome!', {
x: 50,
y: 4 * fontSize,
size: fontSize
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfIncrementalBytes = await pdfDoc.saveIncremental(snapshot)
const pdfBytes = Buffer.concatenate([ existingPdfBytes, pdfIncrementalBytes ])
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
Loading an existing PDF forIncrementalUpdate, makes things easier:
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes, for incremental update
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes,{forIncrementalUpdate:true})
// Get the first page of the document
const pages = pdfDoc.getPages()
const firstPage = pages[0]
// Draw a string of text diagonally across the first page
firstPage.drawText('Incremental saving is also awesome!', {
x: 50,
y: 4 * fontSize,
size: fontSize
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), using incremental updates
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
You can force a rewrite of a PDF that was open for incremental update with the right parameter on save:
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes, for incremental update
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes,{forIncrementalUpdate:true})
// Do something..
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), NOT using incremental updates
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save({rewrite: true})
```
#### Using pdf-lib to generate a placeholder for an electronic signature
@signpdf includes a pdf-lib-placeholder component, but it is based on the pdf-lib package that has no incremental update functionality. This code is taken from that library and modified to use incremental update for not invalidating previous file signatures. Is an example, that can be seen in integration test #20, some @signpdf constants has been changed to arbitrary values for the example to work "out of the box".
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts, rgb, PDFArray, PDFNumber, PDFName, PDFHexString, PDFString, PDFInvalidObject } from 'pdf-lib';
const pdfBytes = ...
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(pdfBytes, {forIncrementalUpdate: true});
// visual representation of the signature
const page = pdfDoc.addPage([500, 200]);
const font = pdfDoc.embedStandardFont(StandardFonts.Helvetica);
page.drawRectangle({
x: 10,
y: 30,
width: 280,
height: 150,
borderWidth: 2,
borderColor: rgb(0.45, 0.45, 0.45),
});
page.drawText(`Electronic Signature Example\nSigned on ${(new Date()).toIsoString()}\nThis is not the real signature!!`, {
x: 20,
y: 200,
size: 14,
font,
});
// Add an AcroForm or update the existing one
let acroForm = pdfDoc.catalog.getOrCreateAcroForm();
// Create a placeholder where the the last 3 parameters of the
// actual range will be replaced when signing is done.
const byteRange = PDFArray.withContext(pdfDoc.context);
byteRange.push(PDFNumber.of(0));
byteRange.push(PDFName.of('*********'));
byteRange.push(PDFName.of('*********'));
byteRange.push(PDFName.of('*********'));
// Fill the contents of the placeholder with 00s.
const placeholder = PDFHexString.of(String.fromCharCode(0).repeat(8096));
// Create a signature dictionary to be referenced in the signature widget.
const appBuild = { App: { Name: 'Signature Example pdf-lib' } };
const signatureDict = pdfDoc.context.obj({
Type: 'Sig',
Filter: 'Adobe.PPKLite',
SubFilter: 'adbe.pkcs7.detached',
ByteRange: byteRange,
Contents: placeholder,
Reason: PDFString.of('Example Signature'),
M: PDFString.fromDate(new Date()),
ContactInfo: PDFString.of('me@pdf-lib.org'),
Name: PDFString.of('Example Signer'),
Location: PDFString.of('In a far away galaxy..'),
Prop_Build: {
Filter: { Name: 'Adobe.PPKLite' },
...appBuild,
},
});
// Register signatureDict as a PDFInvalidObject to prevent PDFLib from serializing it
// in an object stream.
const signatureBuffer = new Uint8Array(signatureDict.sizeInBytes());
signatureDict.copyBytesInto(signatureBuffer, 0);
const signatureObj = PDFInvalidObject.of(signatureBuffer);
const signatureDictRef = pdfDoc.context.register(signatureObj);
// Create the signature widget
const widgetRect = [0, 0, 0, 0];
const rect = PDFArray.withContext(pdfDoc.context);
widgetRect.forEach((c) => rect.push(PDFNumber.of(c)));
const apStream = pdfDoc.context.formXObject([], {
BBox: widgetRect,
Resources: {}, // Necessary to avoid Acrobat bug (see https://stackoverflow.com/a/73011571)
});
const widgetDict = pdfDoc.context.obj({
Type: 'Annot',
Subtype: 'Widget',
FT: 'Sig',
Rect: rect,
V: signatureDictRef,
T: PDFString.of('TestSig'),
TU: PDFString.of('Electronic Signature Example'),
F: 2,
P: page.ref,
AP: { N: pdfDoc.context.register(apStream) }, // Required for PDF/A compliance
});
const widgetDictRef = pdfDoc.context.register(widgetDict);
// Annotate the widget on the given page
let annotations = page.node.lookupMaybe(PDFName.of('Annots'), PDFArray);
if (typeof annotations === 'undefined') {
annotations = pdfDoc.context.obj([]);
}
annotations.push(widgetDictRef);
page.node.set(PDFName.of('Annots'), annotations);
let sigFlags: PDFNumber;
if (acroForm.dict.has(PDFName.of('SigFlags'))) {
// Already has some flags, will merge
sigFlags = acroForm.dict.get(PDFName.of('SigFlags')) as PDFNumber;
} else {
// Create blank flags
sigFlags = PDFNumber.of(0);
}
const updatedFlags = PDFNumber.of(sigFlags!.asNumber() | 1 | 2);
acroForm.dict.set(PDFName.of('SigFlags'), updatedFlags);
let fields = acroForm.dict.get(PDFName.of('Fields'));
if (!(fields instanceof PDFArray)) {
fields = pdfDoc.context.obj([]);
acroForm.dict.set(PDFName.of('Fields'), fields);
}
(fields as PDFArray).push(widgetDictRef);
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), using incremental updates
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// `pdfBytes` should be handled to the signing library to calculate the
// file hash and fill in the generated placeholder for the signature
```
### Consecutive Incremental Updates
You can load a PDF for incremental update, and then generate multiple increments, over the original document, with commit() method.
This method simplifies the sequence:
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes, for incremental update
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes,{forIncrementalUpdate:true})
// modify pdf
...
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), using incremental updates
const firstUpdatedDoc = await pdfDoc.save()
const pdfDoc2 = await PDFDocument.load(firstUpdatedDoc,{forIncrementalUpdate:true})
// modify pdf
...
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), using incremental updates
const secondUpdateDoc = await pdfDoc2.save()
// etc, etc
```
Allowing this:
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib';
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from the existing PDF bytes, for incremental update
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes,{forIncrementalUpdate:true})
// modify pdf
...
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array), using incremental updates
const firstUpdatedDoc = await pdfDoc.commit();
// modify pdf
...
const secondUpdateDoc = await pdfDoc.commit();
// etc, etc
```
The *commit* method has the same parameters than *save* method. If document is not loaded **forIncrementalUpdate**, an exception is raised. After calling *commit* an update section is added to the original document, and this replaces the original document, and a new snapshot is taken.
### Create Form
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/create_form.pdf)._
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/bct7vngL/4/)
> See also [Creating and Filling Forms](#creating-and-filling-forms)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage([550, 750])
// Get the form so we can add fields to it
const form = pdfDoc.getForm()
// Add the superhero text field and description
page.drawText('Enter your favorite superhero:', { x: 50, y: 700, size: 20 })
const superheroField = form.createTextField('favorite.superhero')
superheroField.setText('One Punch Man')
superheroField.addToPage(page, { x: 55, y: 640 })
// Add the rocket radio group, labels, and description
page.drawText('Select your favorite rocket:', { x: 50, y: 600, size: 20 })
page.drawText('Falcon Heavy', { x: 120, y: 560, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Saturn IV', { x: 120, y: 500, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Delta IV Heavy', { x: 340, y: 560, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Space Launch System', { x: 340, y: 500, size: 18 })
const rocketField = form.createRadioGroup('favorite.rocket')
rocketField.addOptionToPage('Falcon Heavy', page, { x: 55, y: 540 })
rocketField.addOptionToPage('Saturn IV', page, { x: 55, y: 480 })
rocketField.addOptionToPage('Delta IV Heavy', page, { x: 275, y: 540 })
rocketField.addOptionToPage('Space Launch System', page, { x: 275, y: 480 })
rocketField.select('Saturn IV')
// Add the gundam check boxes, labels, and description
page.drawText('Select your favorite gundams:', { x: 50, y: 440, size: 20 })
page.drawText('Exia', { x: 120, y: 400, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Kyrios', { x: 120, y: 340, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Virtue', { x: 340, y: 400, size: 18 })
page.drawText('Dynames', { x: 340, y: 340, size: 18 })
const exiaField = form.createCheckBox('gundam.exia')
const kyriosField = form.createCheckBox('gundam.kyrios')
const virtueField = form.createCheckBox('gundam.virtue')
const dynamesField = form.createCheckBox('gundam.dynames')
exiaField.addToPage(page, { x: 55, y: 380 })
kyriosField.addToPage(page, { x: 55, y: 320 })
virtueField.addToPage(page, { x: 275, y: 380 })
dynamesField.addToPage(page, { x: 275, y: 320 })
exiaField.check()
dynamesField.check()
// Add the planet dropdown and description
page.drawText('Select your favorite planet*:', { x: 50, y: 280, size: 20 })
const planetsField = form.createDropdown('favorite.planet')
planetsField.addOptions(['Venus', 'Earth', 'Mars', 'Pluto'])
planetsField.select('Pluto')
planetsField.addToPage(page, { x: 55, y: 220 })
// Add the person option list and description
page.drawText('Select your favorite person:', { x: 50, y: 180, size: 18 })
const personField = form.createOptionList('favorite.person')
personField.addOptions([
'Julius Caesar',
'Ada Lovelace',
'Cleopatra',
'Aaron Burr',
'Mark Antony',
])
personField.select('Ada Lovelace')
personField.addToPage(page, { x: 55, y: 70 })
// Just saying...
page.drawText(`* Pluto should be a planet too!`, { x: 15, y: 15, size: 15 })
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Fill Form
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/fill_form.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/dod_character.pdf) is used for the `formPdfBytes` variable, [this image](assets/images/small_mario.png) is used for the `marioImageBytes` variable, and [this image](assets/images/mario_emblem.png) is used for the `emblemImageBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/0mwfqkv6/3/)
> See also [Creating and Filling Forms](#creating-and-filling-forms)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// These should be Uint8Arrays or ArrayBuffers
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const formPdfBytes = ...
const marioImageBytes = ...
const emblemImageBytes = ...
// Load a PDF with form fields
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(formPdfBytes)
// Embed the Mario and emblem images
const marioImage = await pdfDoc.embedPng(marioImageBytes)
const emblemImage = await pdfDoc.embedPng(emblemImageBytes)
// Get the form containing all the fields
const form = pdfDoc.getForm()
// Get all fields in the PDF by their names
const nameField = form.getTextField('CharacterName 2')
const ageField = form.getTextField('Age')
const heightField = form.getTextField('Height')
const weightField = form.getTextField('Weight')
const eyesField = form.getTextField('Eyes')
const skinField = form.getTextField('Skin')
const hairField = form.getTextField('Hair')
const alliesField = form.getTextField('Allies')
const factionField = form.getTextField('FactionName')
const backstoryField = form.getTextField('Backstory')
const traitsField = form.getTextField('Feat+Traits')
const treasureField = form.getTextField('Treasure')
const characterImageField = form.getButton('CHARACTER IMAGE')
const factionImageField = form.getTextField('Faction Symbol Image')
// Fill in the basic info fields
nameField.setText('Mario')
ageField.setText('24 years')
heightField.setText(`5' 1"`)
weightField.setText('196 lbs')
eyesField.setText('blue')
skinField.setText('white')
hairField.setText('brown')
// Fill the character image field with our Mario image
characterImageField.setImage(marioImage)
// Fill in the allies field
alliesField.setText(
[
`Allies:`,
` • Princess Daisy`,
` • Princess Peach`,
` • Rosalina`,
` • Geno`,
` • Luigi`,
` • Donkey Kong`,
` • Yoshi`,
` • Diddy Kong`,
``,
`Organizations:`,
` • Italian Plumbers Association`,
].join('\n'),
)
// Fill in the faction name field
factionField.setText(`Mario's Emblem`)
// Fill the faction image field with our emblem image
factionImageField.setImage(emblemImage)
// Fill in the backstory field
backstoryField.setText(
`Mario is a fictional character in the Mario video game franchise, owned by Nintendo and created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Serving as the company's mascot and the eponymous protagonist of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creation. Depicted as a short, pudgy, Italian plumber who resides in the Mushroom Kingdom, his adventures generally center upon rescuing Princess Peach from the Koopa villain Bowser. His younger brother and sidekick is Luigi.`,
)
// Fill in the traits field
traitsField.setText(
[
`Mario can use three basic three power-ups:`,
` • the Super Mushroom, which causes Mario to grow larger`,
` • the Fire Flower, which allows Mario to throw fireballs`,
` • the Starman, which gives Mario temporary invincibility`,
].join('\n'),
)
// Fill in the treasure field
treasureField.setText(['• Gold coins', '• Treasure chests'].join('\n'))
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Flatten Form
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/flatten_form.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/form_to_flatten.pdf) is used for the `formPdfBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/skevywdz/2/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const formPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDF with form fields
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(formPdfBytes)
// Get the form containing all the fields
const form = pdfDoc.getForm()
// Fill the form's fields
form.getTextField('Text1').setText('Some Text');
form.getRadioGroup('Group2').select('Choice1');
form.getRadioGroup('Group3').select('Choice3');
form.getRadioGroup('Group4').select('Choice1');
form.getCheckBox('Check Box3').check();
form.getCheckBox('Check Box4').uncheck();
form.getDropdown('Dropdown7').select('Infinity');
form.getOptionList('List Box6').select('Honda');
// Flatten the form's fields
form.flatten();
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Copy Pages
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/copy_pages.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/with_update_sections.pdf) is used for the `firstDonorPdfBytes` variable and [this PDF](assets/pdfs/with_large_page_count.pdf) is used for the `secondDonorPdfBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/ybank8s9/2/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// These should be Uint8Arrays or ArrayBuffers
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const firstDonorPdfBytes = ...
const secondDonorPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument from each of the existing PDFs
const firstDonorPdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(firstDonorPdfBytes)
const secondDonorPdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(secondDonorPdfBytes)
// Copy the 1st page from the first donor document, and
// the 743rd page from the second donor document
const [firstDonorPage] = await pdfDoc.copyPages(firstDonorPdfDoc, [0])
const [secondDonorPage] = await pdfDoc.copyPages(secondDonorPdfDoc, [742])
// Add the first copied page
pdfDoc.addPage(firstDonorPage)
// Insert the second copied page to index 0, so it will be the
// first page in `pdfDoc`
pdfDoc.insertPage(0, secondDonorPage)
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Embed PNG and JPEG Images
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/embed_png_and_jpeg_images.pdf)_ (when [this image](assets/images/cat_riding_unicorn.jpg) is used for the `jpgImageBytes` variable and [this image](assets/images/minions_banana_alpha.png) is used for the `pngImageBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/bcya43ju/5/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// These should be Uint8Arrays or ArrayBuffers
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const jpgImageBytes = ...
const pngImageBytes = ...
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Embed the JPG image bytes and PNG image bytes
const jpgImage = await pdfDoc.embedJpg(jpgImageBytes)
const pngImage = await pdfDoc.embedPng(pngImageBytes)
// Get the width/height of the JPG image scaled down to 25% of its original size
const jpgDims = jpgImage.scale(0.25)
// Get the width/height of the PNG image scaled down to 50% of its original size
const pngDims = pngImage.scale(0.5)
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
// Draw the JPG image in the center of the page
page.drawImage(jpgImage, {
x: page.getWidth() / 2 - jpgDims.width / 2,
y: page.getHeight() / 2 - jpgDims.height / 2,
width: jpgDims.width,
height: jpgDims.height,
})
// Draw the PNG image near the lower right corner of the JPG image
page.drawImage(pngImage, {
x: page.getWidth() / 2 - pngDims.width / 2 + 75,
y: page.getHeight() / 2 - pngDims.height,
width: pngDims.width,
height: pngDims.height,
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Embed PDF Pages
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/embed_pdf_pages.pdf)_ (when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/american_flag.pdf) is used for the `americanFlagPdfBytes` variable and [this PDF](assets/pdfs/us_constitution.pdf) is used for the `usConstitutionPdfBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/Lyb16ocj/13/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// These should be Uint8Arrays or ArrayBuffers
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const americanFlagPdfBytes = ...
const usConstitutionPdfBytes = ...
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Embed the American flag PDF bytes
const [americanFlag] = await pdfDoc.embedPdf(americanFlagPdfBytes)
// Load the U.S. constitution PDF bytes
const usConstitutionPdf = await PDFDocument.load(usConstitutionPdfBytes)
// Embed the second page of the constitution and clip the preamble
const preamble = await pdfDoc.embedPage(usConstitutionPdf.getPages()[1], {
left: 55,
bottom: 485,
right: 300,
top: 575,
})
// Get the width/height of the American flag PDF scaled down to 30% of
// its original size
const americanFlagDims = americanFlag.scale(0.3)
// Get the width/height of the preamble clipping scaled up to 225% of
// its original size
const preambleDims = preamble.scale(2.25)
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
// Draw the American flag image in the center top of the page
page.drawPage(americanFlag, {
...americanFlagDims,
x: page.getWidth() / 2 - americanFlagDims.width / 2,
y: page.getHeight() - americanFlagDims.height - 150,
})
// Draw the preamble clipping in the center bottom of the page
page.drawPage(preamble, {
...preambleDims,
x: page.getWidth() / 2 - preambleDims.width / 2,
y: page.getHeight() / 2 - preambleDims.height / 2 - 50,
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Embed Font and Measure Text
`pdf-lib` relies on a sister module to support embedding custom fonts: [`@pdf-lib/fontkit`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@pdf-lib/fontkit). You must add the `@pdf-lib/fontkit` module to your project and register it using `pdfDoc.registerFontkit(...)` before embedding custom fonts.
> **[See below for detailed installation instructions on installing `@pdf-lib/fontkit` as a UMD or NPM module.](#fontkit-installation)**
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/embed_font_and_measure_text.pdf)_ (when [this font](assets/fonts/ubuntu/Ubuntu-R.ttf) is used for the `fontBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/rgu6ca59/2/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, rgb } from 'pdf-lib'
import fontkit from '@pdf-lib/fontkit'
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If you're running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const fontBytes = ...
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Register the `fontkit` instance
pdfDoc.registerFontkit(fontkit)
// Embed our custom font in the document
const customFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(fontBytes)
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
// Create a string of text and measure its width and height in our custom font
const text = 'This is text in an embedded font!'
const textSize = 35
const textWidth = customFont.widthOfTextAtSize(text, textSize)
const textHeight = customFont.heightAtSize(textSize)
// Draw the string of text on the page
page.drawText(text, {
x: 40,
y: 450,
size: textSize,
font: customFont,
color: rgb(0, 0.53, 0.71),
})
// Draw a box around the string of text
page.drawRectangle({
x: 40,
y: 450,
width: textWidth,
height: textHeight,
borderColor: rgb(1, 0, 0),
borderWidth: 1.5,
})
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Add Attachments
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/add_attachments.pdf)_ (when [this image](assets/images/cat_riding_unicorn.jpg) is used for the `jpgAttachmentBytes` variable and [this PDF](assets/pdfs/us_constitution.pdf) is used for the `pdfAttachmentBytes` variable).
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/9snL63wj/5/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// These should be Uint8Arrays or ArrayBuffers
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const jpgAttachmentBytes = ...
const pdfAttachmentBytes = ...
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Add the JPG attachment
await pdfDoc.attach(jpgAttachmentBytes, 'cat_riding_unicorn.jpg', {
mimeType: 'image/jpeg',
description: 'Cool cat riding a unicorn! 🦄🐈🕶️',
creationDate: new Date('2019/12/01'),
modificationDate: new Date('2020/04/19'),
})
// Add the PDF attachment
await pdfDoc.attach(pdfAttachmentBytes, 'us_constitution.pdf', {
mimeType: 'application/pdf',
description: 'Constitution of the United States 🇺🇸🦅',
creationDate: new Date('1787/09/17'),
modificationDate: new Date('1992/05/07'),
})
// Add a page with some text
const page = pdfDoc.addPage();
page.drawText('This PDF has two attachments', { x: 135, y: 415 })
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Extract Attachments
If you load a PDF that has `cars.csv` as an attachment, you can use the
following to extract the attachments:
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(...)
const attachments = pdfDoc.getAttachments()
const csv = attachments.find(({ name }) => name === 'cars.csv')
fs.writeFileSync(csv.name, csv.data)
```
> NOTE: The method also finds attachments added after the last call to
> `save()`.
### Set Document Metadata
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/set_document_metadata.pdf)_.
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/vcwmfnbe/2/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, StandardFonts } from 'pdf-lib'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Embed the Times Roman font
const timesRomanFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(StandardFonts.TimesRoman)
// Add a page and draw some text on it
const page = pdfDoc.addPage([500, 600])
page.setFont(timesRomanFont)
page.drawText('The Life of an Egg', { x: 60, y: 500, size: 50 })
page.drawText('An Epic Tale of Woe', { x: 125, y: 460, size: 25 })
// Set all available metadata fields on the PDFDocument. Note that these fields
// are visible in the "Document Properties" section of most PDF readers.
pdfDoc.setTitle('🥚 The Life of an Egg 🍳')
pdfDoc.setAuthor('Humpty Dumpty')
pdfDoc.setSubject('📘 An Epic Tale of Woe 📖')
pdfDoc.setKeywords(['eggs', 'wall', 'fall', 'king', 'horses', 'men'])
pdfDoc.setProducer('PDF App 9000 🤖')
pdfDoc.setCreator('pdf-lib (https://github.com/Hopding/pdf-lib)')
pdfDoc.setCreationDate(new Date('2018-06-24T01:58:37.228Z'))
pdfDoc.setModificationDate(new Date('2019-12-21T07:00:11.000Z'))
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Read Document Metadata
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/eg8rfz3k/16/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument without updating its existing metadata
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes, {
updateMetadata: false
})
// Print all available metadata fields
console.log('Title:', pdfDoc.getTitle())
console.log('Author:', pdfDoc.getAuthor())
console.log('Subject:', pdfDoc.getSubject())
console.log('Creator:', pdfDoc.getCreator())
console.log('Keywords:', pdfDoc.getKeywords())
console.log('Producer:', pdfDoc.getProducer())
console.log('Creation Date:', pdfDoc.getCreationDate())
console.log('Modification Date:', pdfDoc.getModificationDate())
```
This script outputs the following (_when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/with_cropbox.pdf) is used for the `existingPdfBytes` variable_):
```
Title: Microsoft Word - Basic Curriculum Vitae example.doc
Author: Administrator
Subject: undefined
Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2
Keywords: undefined
Producer: Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows)
Creation Date: 2010-07-29T14:26:00.000Z
Modification Date: 2010-07-29T14:26:00.000Z
```
### Set Viewer Preferences
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import {
PDFDocument,
StandardFonts,
NonFullScreenPageMode,
ReadingDirection,
PrintScaling,
Duplex,
PDFName,
} from 'pdf-lib'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Embed the Times Roman font
const timesRomanFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(StandardFonts.TimesRoman)
// Add a page and draw some text on it
const page = pdfDoc.addPage([500, 600])
page.setFont(timesRomanFont)
page.drawText('The Life of an Egg', { x: 60, y: 500, size: 50 })
page.drawText('An Epic Tale of Woe', { x: 125, y: 460, size: 25 })
// Set all available viewer preferences on the PDFDocument:
const viewerPrefs = pdfDoc.catalog.getOrCreateViewerPreferences()
viewerPrefs.setHideToolbar(true)
viewerPrefs.setHideMenubar(true)
viewerPrefs.setHideWindowUI(true)
viewerPrefs.setFitWindow(true)
viewerPrefs.setCenterWindow(true)
viewerPrefs.setDisplayDocTitle(true)
// Set the PageMode (otherwise setting NonFullScreenPageMode has no meaning)
pdfDoc.catalog.set(PDFName.of('PageMode'), PDFName.of('FullScreen'))
// Set what happens when fullScreen is closed
viewerPrefs.setNonFullScreenPageMode(NonFullScreenPageMode.UseOutlines)
viewerPrefs.setReadingDirection(ReadingDirection.L2R)
viewerPrefs.setPrintScaling(PrintScaling.None)
viewerPrefs.setDuplex(Duplex.DuplexFlipLongEdge)
viewerPrefs.setPickTrayByPDFSize(true)
// We can set the default print range to only the first page
viewerPrefs.setPrintPageRange({ start: 0, end: 0 })
// Or we can supply noncontiguous ranges (e.g. pages 1, 3, and 5-7)
viewerPrefs.setPrintPageRange([
{ start: 0, end: 0 },
{ start: 2, end: 2 },
{ start: 4, end: 6 },
])
viewerPrefs.setNumCopies(2)
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Read Viewer Preferences
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument } from 'pdf-lib'
// This should be a Uint8Array or ArrayBuffer
// This data can be obtained in a number of different ways
// If your running in a Node environment, you could use fs.readFile()
// In the browser, you could make a fetch() call and use res.arrayBuffer()
const existingPdfBytes = ...
// Load a PDFDocument without updating its existing metadata
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.load(existingPdfBytes)
const viewerPrefs = pdfDoc.catalog.getOrCreateViewerPreferences()
// Print all available viewer preference fields
console.log('HideToolbar:', viewerPrefs.getHideToolbar())
console.log('HideMenubar:', viewerPrefs.getHideMenubar())
console.log('HideWindowUI:', viewerPrefs.getHideWindowUI())
console.log('FitWindow:', viewerPrefs.getFitWindow())
console.log('CenterWindow:', viewerPrefs.getCenterWindow())
console.log('DisplayDocTitle:', viewerPrefs.getDisplayDocTitle())
console.log('NonFullScreenPageMode:', viewerPrefs.getNonFullScreenPageMode())
console.log('ReadingDirection:', viewerPrefs.getReadingDirection())
console.log('PrintScaling:', viewerPrefs.getPrintScaling())
console.log('Duplex:', viewerPrefs.getDuplex())
console.log('PickTrayByPDFSize:', viewerPrefs.getPickTrayByPDFSize())
console.log('PrintPageRange:', viewerPrefs.getPrintPageRange())
console.log('NumCopies:', viewerPrefs.getNumCopies())
```
This script outputs the following (_when [this PDF](assets/pdfs/with_viewer_prefs.pdf) is used for the `existingPdfBytes` variable_):
```
HideToolbar: true
HideMenubar: true
HideWindowUI: false
FitWindow: true
CenterWindow: true
DisplayDocTitle: true
NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone
ReadingDirection: R2L
PrintScaling: None
Duplex: DuplexFlipLongEdge
PickTrayByPDFSize: true
PrintPageRange: [ { start: 1, end: 1 }, { start: 3, end: 4 } ]
NumCopies: 2
```
### Draw SVG Paths
_This example produces [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/draw_svg_paths.pdf)_.
[Try the JSFiddle demo](https://jsfiddle.net/Hopding/bwaomr9h/2/)
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
```js
import { PDFDocument, rgb } from 'pdf-lib'
// SVG path for a wavy line
const svgPath =
'M 0,20 L 100,160 Q 130,200 150,120 C 190,-40 200,200 300,150 L 400,90'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
page.moveTo(100, page.getHeight() - 5)
// Draw the SVG path as a black line
page.moveDown(25)
page.drawSvgPath(svgPath)
// Draw the SVG path as a thick green line
page.moveDown(200)
page.drawSvgPath(svgPath, { borderColor: rgb(0, 1, 0), borderWidth: 5 })
// Draw the SVG path and fill it with red
page.moveDown(200)
page.drawSvgPath(svgPath, { color: rgb(1, 0, 0) })
// Draw the SVG path at 50% of its original size
page.moveDown(200)
page.drawSvgPath(svgPath, { scale: 0.5 })
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
// For example, `pdfBytes` can be:
// • Written to a file in Node
// • Downloaded from the browser
// • Rendered in an <iframe>
```
### Draw SVG
```js
import { PDFDocument, rgb } from 'pdf-lib'
// SVG of a square inside a square
const svg = `<svg width="100" height="100">
<rect y="0" x="0" width="100" height="100" fill="none" stroke="black"/>
<rect y="25" x="25" width="50" height="50" fill="black"/>
</svg>`;
const svg2 = '<svg><image href="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVQYV2NgYAAAAAMAAWgmWQ0AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/></svg>'
// Create a new PDFDocument
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create()
// Add a blank page to the document
const page = pdfDoc.addPage()
// drawSvg can accept the svg as a string, as long as there are no images in it
page.moveTo(100, 10)
page.drawSvg(svg)
// If the svg has images, or if you don't know if it does, you should call embedSVG first
page.moveTo(200, 10)
const pdfSvg = await pdfDoc.embedSvg(svg2)
page.drawSvg(pdfSvg)
// Serialize the PDFDocument to bytes (a Uint8Array)
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save()
```
## Deno Usage
`pdf-lib` fully supports the exciting new [Deno](https://deno.land/) runtime! All of the [usage examples](#usage-examples) work in Deno. The only thing you need to do is change the imports for `pdf-lib` and `@pdf-lib/fontkit` to use the [Skypack](https://www.skypack.dev/) CDN, because Deno requires all modules to be referenced via URLs.
> **See also [How to Create and Modify PDF Files in Deno With pdf-lib](https://medium.com/swlh/how-to-create-and-modify-pdf-files-in-deno-ffaad7099b0?source=friends_link&sk=3da183bb776d059df428eaea52102f19)**
### Creating a Document with Deno
Below is the [**create document**](#create-document) example modified for Deno:
```js
import {
PDFDocument,
StandardFonts,
rgb,
} from 'https://cdn.skypack.dev/pdf-lib@^1.11.1?dts';
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create();
const timesRomanFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(StandardFonts.TimesRoman);
const page = pdfDoc.addPage();
const { width, height } = page.getSize();
const fontSize = 30;
page.drawText('Creating PDFs in JavaScript is awesome!', {
x: 50,
y: height - 4 * fontSize,
size: fontSize,
font: timesRomanFont,
color: rgb(0, 0.53, 0.71),
});
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save();
await Deno.writeFile('out.pdf', pdfBytes);
```
If you save this script as `create-document.ts`, you can execute it using Deno with the following command:
```
deno run --allow-write create-document.ts
```
The resulting `out.pdf` file will look like [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/create_document.pdf).
### Embedding a Font with Deno
Here's a slightly more complicated example demonstrating how to embed a font and measure text in Deno:
```js
import {
degrees,
PDFDocument,
rgb,
StandardFonts,
} from 'https://cdn.skypack.dev/pdf-lib@^1.11.1?dts';
import fontkit from 'https://cdn.skypack.dev/@pdf-lib/fontkit@^1.0.0?dts';
const url = 'https://pdf-lib.js.org/assets/ubuntu/Ubuntu-R.ttf';
const fontBytes = await fetch(url).then((res) => res.arrayBuffer());
const pdfDoc = await PDFDocument.create();
pdfDoc.registerFontkit(fontkit);
const customFont = await pdfDoc.embedFont(fontBytes);
const page = pdfDoc.addPage();
const text = 'This is text in an embedded font!';
const textSize = 35;
const textWidth = customFont.widthOfTextAtSize(text, textSize);
const textHeight = customFont.heightAtSize(textSize);
page.drawText(text, {
x: 40,
y: 450,
size: textSize,
font: customFont,
color: rgb(0, 0.53, 0.71),
});
page.drawRectangle({
x: 40,
y: 450,
width: textWidth,
height: textHeight,
borderColor: rgb(1, 0, 0),
borderWidth: 1.5,
});
const pdfBytes = await pdfDoc.save();
await Deno.writeFile('out.pdf', pdfBytes);
```
If you save this script as `custom-font.ts`, you can execute it with the following command:
```
deno run --allow-write --allow-net custom-font.ts
```
The resulting `out.pdf` file will look like [this PDF](assets/pdfs/examples/embed_font_and_measure_text.pdf).
## Complete Examples
The [usage examples](#usage-examples) provide code that is brief and to the point, demonstrating the different features of `pdf-lib`. You can find complete working examples in the [`apps/`](apps/) directory. These apps are used to do manual testing of `pdf-lib` before every release (in addition to the [automated tests](tests/)).
There are currently four apps:
- [**`node`**](apps/node/) - contains [tests](apps/node/tests/) for `pdf-lib` in Node environments. These tests are a handy reference when trying to save/load PDFs, fonts, or images with `pdf-lib` from the filesystem. They also allow you to quickly open your PDFs in different viewers (Acrobat, Preview, Foxit, Chrome, Firefox, etc...) to ensure compatibility.
- [**`web`**](apps/web/) - contains [tests](apps/web/) for `pdf-lib` in browser environments. These tests are a handy reference when trying to save/load PDFs, fonts, or images with `pdf-lib` in a browser environment.
- [**`rn`**](apps/rn) - contains [tests](apps/rn/src/tests/) for `pdf-lib` in React Native environments. These tests are a handy reference when trying to save/load PDFs, fonts, or images with `pdf-lib` in a React Native environment.
- [**`deno`**](apps/deno) - contains [tests](apps/deno/tests/) for `pdf-lib` in Deno environments. These tests are a handy reference when trying to save/load PDFs, fonts, or images with `pdf-lib` from the filesystem.
## Installation
### NPM Module
To install the latest stable version:
```bash
# With npm
npm install --save pdf-lib
# With yarn
yarn add pdf-lib
```
This assumes you're using [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/) or [yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/) as your package manager.
### UMD Module
You can also download `pdf-lib` as a UMD module from [unpkg](https://unpkg.com/#/) or [jsDelivr](https://www.jsdelivr.com/). The UMD builds have been compiled to ES5, so they should work [in any modern browser](https://caniuse.com/#feat=es5). UMD builds are useful if you aren't using a package manager or module bundler. For example, you can use them directly in the `<script>` tag of an HTML page.
The following builds are available:
- https://unpkg.com/pdf-lib/dist/pdf-lib.js
- https://unpkg.com/pdf-lib/dist/pdf-lib.min.js
- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/pdf-lib/dist/pdf-lib.js
- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/pdf-lib/dist/pdf